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1、geomatics 测绘学 geodesy 大地测量学 surveying and mapping 测绘 photogrammetry 摄影测量学remote sensing 遥感 global positioning system（GPS ）satellite positioning 卫星定位 geographic information system （GIS）land management 土地管理 computer graphics 计算机图形学geodetic surveying 大地测量 plane surveying 平面测量control survey 控制测量 horizon
2、tal survey 水平测量vertical survey 高程测量 topographic survey 地形测量detail survey 碎部测量 route survey 路线测量land survey （survey，boundary survey ， cadastral survey）地籍测量pipe survey 管道测量 hydrographic survey 水道测量marine survey 海洋测量 mine survey 矿山测量geological survey 地质测量 distance measurement 距离测量precise ranging 精密测距 g
3、eodimeter 光速测距仪EDM（electronic distance measurement）电子测距仪distance measuring instrument，rangefinder 测距仪electromagnetic distance measuring instrument 电磁波测距仪electro-optical distance measuring instrument 光电测距仪long-range EDM instrument 远程电子测距仪infrared EDM instrument 红外测距仪laser distance measuring instrumen
4、t，laser ranger 激光测距仪microwave distance measuring instrument 微波测距仪satellite laser ranger 卫星激光测距仪two-color laser ranger 双色激光测距仪distance-measuring error 测距误差 fixed error 固定误差proportional error 比例误差 sighting distance 视距multiplication constant 乘常数 addition constant 加常数stadia multiplication constant 视距乘常数
5、 stadia addition constant 视距加常数standard field of length 长度标准检定场nominal accuracy 标准精度 stadia hair 视距丝stadia interval 视距间隔 horizontal angle 水平角vertical angle 竖直角 depression angle 仰角zenith distance 天顶距 elevation angle 高度角horizontal circle 水平度盘 vertical circle 垂直度盘true north 真北 geodetic azimuth 大地方位角mag
6、netic azimuth 磁方位角 gyro azimuth 陀螺方位角grid bearing 坐标方位角 control network 控制网method by series，method of direction observation 方向观测法method in all combinations 全组合测角法horizontal control network 平面控制网vertical control network 高程控制网 control point 控制点triangulation 三角测量 trilateration 三边测量forward intersection
7、前方交会 resection 后方交会side intersection 侧方交会 linear-angular intersection 边角交会法linear intersection 边交会法 traversing 导线测量traverse point 导线点 traverse leg 导线边traverse angle 导线折角 open traverse 支导线closed traverse 闭合导线 closed loop traverse 闭合环导线connecting traverse 附和导线 traverse network 导线网angle closing error o
8、f traverse 导线角度闭合差total length closing error of traverse 导线全长闭合差closing error in coordinate increment 坐标增量闭合差traverse network 导线网 triangulateration network 边角网triangulation network 三角网 trilateration network 三边网survey specifications，specifications of surveys 测量规范reference datum 参考基准面Huanghai vertical
9、 datum of 1956 1956 黄海高程系统national vertical datum of 1985 1985 国家高程基准direct leveling，spirit leveling 几何水准测量differential leveling 微差水准测量 trigonometric leveling 三角高程测量 barometric leveling 气压水准测量 gravimetric leveling 重力水准测量river-crossing leveling 跨河水准测量BM（benchmark）水准基点 level rod 水准尺level 水准仪 backsight
10、(BS)后尺foresight(FS)前尺 height of instrument(HI)仪器高height of target(HT)目标高 elevation difference 高差annexed leveling line 附和水准路线 closed leveling line 闭合水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线 refraction correction 折光差改正elevation of sight 视线高程 optical level 光学水准仪electronic level 电子水准仪 laser level 激光水准仪automatic lev
11、el，compensator level 自动安平水准仪instrument of geomatics engineering 测绘仪器geodetic instrument 大地测量仪器optical theodolite 光学经纬仪 electronic theodolite 电子经纬仪total station 全站仪 geo-robot 测量机器人robotic (motorized) total station 智能型全站仪gyroscopic theodolite 陀螺经纬仪 data recorder 电子手簿data transfer 数据转换 circular encoder
12、s 编码度盘automatic target recognition（ATR）目标自动识别servo motors 伺服马达 remote controller 远距离遥控器optical plummet 光学对中器 law of probability 概率论theory of error 误差理论 true error 真误差observation error 观测误差 instrumental error 仪器误差personal error 人为误差 gross error 粗差systematic error 系统误差 probable error 或然误差random error，
13、accident error 随机( 偶然误差 )constant error 常差 average error 平均误差absolute error 绝对误差 error test 误差检验relative error 相对误差error of closure，closing error，closure 闭合差error propagation，propagation of error 误差传播gross error detection 粗差检验 tolerance 限差limit error 极限误差 error of focusing 调焦误差horizontal refraction
14、error 水平折光误差index error of vertical circle 竖盘指标差error distribution 误差分布 normal distribution 正态分布Gaussian distribution 高斯分布probability density function 概率密度函数normal random variable 正态随机变量normal error distribution curve 正态误差分布曲线most probable value(MPV)最或然值 expectation，expected value 期望值 unbiased estim
15、ate 无偏估计 index of precision 精度指标variance 方差 standard deviation 标准差mean square error(MSE)中误差mean square error of angle observation 测角中误差mean square error of side length 边长中误差mean square error of a point 点位中误差mean square error of azimuth 方位角中误差mean square error of coordinate 坐标中误差mean square error of height 高程中误差variance of unit weight 单位权方差error ellipse 误差椭圆least squares method 最小二乘法 least-squares adjustment 最小二乘平差adjustment of observations, survey adjustment 测量平差functional model 函数模型 stochastic model 随机模型redundant observation
