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1、专题九 被动语态考点聚焦动词语态分为两大类：主动语态和被动语态。 主动语态：主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态：主语是动作的承受者。动作的执行者由by连接的短语表示，常译为“被、由”。对于英语的被动语态，我们可以以下五个方面来掌握。 一、主语与谓语动词的逻辑关系 被动语态表示句子的主语是谓语动词动作的承受者或对象。 如：Computers are widely used in our work and daily life. 电脑在我们的工作和日常生活中广泛应用。(computers就是use的对象或承受者) 二、表示被动语态的形式 (1)基本形式：主语 + be + vt.的过去分词 + (by
2、 + sb.) This song is often sung by children at school. 这首歌经常在学校被孩子们唱。 常见被动语态的时态： 一般现在时：am/is/are+ vt.的过去分词 一般过去时：was / were + vt.的过去分词 一般将来时：will / shall / be going to + be + vt.的过去分词 现在完成时：have / has + been + vt.的过去分词 过去完成时：had + been + vt.的过去分词 现在进行时：am/is/are + being + vt.的过去分词 过去进行时：was / were +
3、 being + vt.的过去分词 过去将来时：would + be + vt.的过去分词注意：被动语态不用于将来进行时及完成进行时。(2)其他形式： (选学)主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by +. sb.)+宾语/ 介词 + 宾语 A. 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by + sb.)+ 宾语/to +宾语 I was shown his gold medal there. 在那里他给我看了他的金牌。 His gold medal was shown to me. 他的金牌给我看了。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有bring，give，hand，lend，off
4、er，pass，post，send，show，teach，tell，throw，write等。 B. 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by + sb.)+ 宾语 /for +宾语 I was bought a new dictionary (by my father). 我父亲给我买了一本新字典。 A new dictionary was bought for me (by my father). 我父亲给我买了一本新字典。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有buy，call，cook，do，get，make，save等。 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词 + (by + sb.)
5、+ 主语的补足语 Jim was made chairman at the meeting. Jim在会上被推选为主席。 Li Lei was seen to break the glass this moming. 李雷今天上午被人看到打碎了那块玻璃。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有feel，hear，make，observe，see，watch等。特别注意的是，在主动语态中，不定式做宾语的补足语，不定式前面的小品词to必须省略，而在被动语态中，不定式做主语的补足语，不定式的小品词to必须补上。 主语 +情态动词（can/could/may/might/must/should/ought to）
6、+ be + 动词的过去分词 + (by + sb.) Water can be turned into ice. 水能转变成冰。 Your essay should be rewritten again. 你的论文应该还重新修改一遍。 主语 +be + 短语动词的过去分词 + (by + sb.) His words should be paid much attention to. 应该多注意他的话。 The children in China are taken good care of now. 现在中国的孩子被照料得很好。 注意：动词后面的介词或副词不能省略。 形式主语(It) +b
7、e + vt.的过去分词 +主语从句 It is reported that our team has won the game again. 据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。 能用于这一句型的常见动词有believe，expect，know，report，say，suppose，think等。这一句型也可变为： 主语 + be + vt. 的过去分词+不定式短语 The Mars is believed to have no life on it. 火星被确认无生命迹象。 Our team is reported to have won the game again. 据报道，我们队又赢了比赛。
8、三、被动语态的用法 被动语态往往表示一种客观的事实，有时语气比较生硬，没有商量的余地，从而令人难以接受，因此，切不可随便使用。在能用主动语态表示时，尽量使用主动语态，只有在下面的情况中才使用被动语态。 说不出动作的执行者或没有必要说出动作的执行者； 如：The classroom had been cleaned when I got there. 当我到达教室的时候，教室已经被人打扫过了。(教室究竟是谁打扫的，说话者并不知道)为了突出或强调动作的承受者或对象；如：Homework must be finished before school is over. 作业必须在放学之前做完。(强调
9、Homework)为了修辞的需要，使句子间的联系更紧密。如: I have a new motorbike. It was given to me by my father yesterday as my birthday present. 我有一台新摩托车。它是昨天我父亲买给我作为生日礼物的。(显然，It指代 the new bike就与上文的a new motorbike紧密相连)四、不能使用被动语态的情况(1)不及物动词没有被动形式。特别要注意汉语中带名词或代词做宾语的动词，如belong，die，happen，occur，take place等不及物动词。 如：A terrible t
10、raffic accident happened on the road yesterday. (昨天在公路上发生了一起可怕的交通事故。)就不能改写为：A terrible traffic accident is happened on the road yesterday. (2)一些静态的及物动词也不能用于被动语态。如agree with，fit，have，hold，own，suit等。 如：I dont agree with Jack. (我不同意Jack的观点。)就不能改写为：Jack isn t agreed with. 五、主动形式表被动意义如：The pen writes wel
11、l. 这支笔很好写。 The food tastes good. 这些食物尝起来味道很好。His house is comfortable to live in. 他的房子住起来很舒服。实战演练(250) 计分: 1._ a new library _ in our school last year? A. Did ; build B. Was ; built C. Is; built 2.An accident _ on this road last week. A. was happened B. has happened C.happened3. - This kind of rice
12、tastes nice. Do you know where it is grown?- Yes, it _ in Southeast China. A. was grew B. is grown C. is growing 4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. has been visited C. was visited5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be g
13、iven 6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. will be done7.The doctor _ for yet. A. isnt sent B. wasnt sent C. hasnt been sent 8. -When _ this kind of computer _? -Last year. A. was; made B. did; make C .are; made9.Who _ this book _? A. did; write B. was; written by C. is; written10.Mary _ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked 11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told to us B. was told us C. is told us 12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jumped B. jumps
