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1、Section Grammar非限制性定语从句； 定语从句的缩略,思维导图,非限制性定语从句 非限制性定语从句是用来对先行词作补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不密切，它与先行词之间常用逗号隔开。需注意的是，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。 1.关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句,(1)which指物，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 The new observatory，which lies on the top of the mountain，costs them nearly ten thousand dollars.那座新天文台，位于山顶上，花了他们近一万美元。
2、,(2)who指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。 My father，who is an excellent violinist，is leaving for Canada for performances. 我的爸爸是一位出色的小提琴手，正准备去加拿大演出。 (3)whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语，一般不能省略。 His mother，whom he loved dearly，died in 1991. 他的母亲死于1991 年。他非常爱他的母亲。 (4)whose既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作定语，先行词是人时，“whosen.”相当于“then.of whom”。先行词是物时，“who
3、sen.”，相当于“then.of which”。,Mr. King，whose legs were badly hurt，was quickly taken to hospital. 金先生的腿受了重伤，他很快就被送去医院了。 (5)as既可指人，也可指物，在定语从句中可以作主语或宾语。 As we know，smoking is harmful to peoples health. 众所周知，吸烟对人的健康有害。 温馨提示as/which引导非限制性定语从句时的区别： (1)as引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词一般为整个主句；而which引导非限制性定语从句时，先行词既可以是整个主句又可以是
4、主句的一部分。as引导的非限制性定语从句的位置比较灵活，可以位于句首、句中和句末，而which引导的非限制性定语从句只能位于先行词之后。,The book，which I bought yesterday，is very instructive. 这本书是我昨天买的，很有教育意义。 As everyone can see，she is honest. 她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。 She is honest，which everyone can see. 她的诚实是大家有目共睹的。,(2)as引导非限制性定语从句时常被译为“正如”，多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是
5、常有的事)，as was expected(不出所料)，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样)，as is known to all(众所周知)，as has been said before(如上所述)，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。而which 常被译为“这一点，那”，并且主句和从句常存在逻辑上的因果关系。 Tom was always late for school，which made his teacher very angry. 汤姆上学总是迟到，这让他的老师很生气。 As can be seen from his face，he
6、 is quite pleased. 从他的表情可以看出来，他非常高兴。,2.关系副词引导的非限制性定语从句,当先行词指时间或地点时，用when，where引导非限制性定语从句，在定语从句中作状语。why不引导非限制性定语从句，但可用for which代替。 We will put off the outing until next week，when we wont be so busy. 我们将把郊游推迟到下个星期，那时我们就不会那么忙了。 Many children go to a day care centre，where they can learn games. 很多孩子上日间托儿
7、所，在那儿他们可以学习游戏。,3.“名词/代词介词关系代词”结构,此类结构常见的有some/several/a few/a little/many/more/most/the largest.of which/whom等形式。 Here are the questions，some of which I thought are difficult for you. 问题都在这儿，其中一些我认为对你来说太难。 He has many friends，three of whom are from foreign countries. 他有很多朋友，其中三个来自外国。,定语从句的缩略 1.省略作宾语
8、、表语的关系代词,在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在从句中作宾语或表语时，关系代词可以省略。 The boy (that/who/whom) we saw last night was Li Ming. 我们昨晚见到的那个男孩是李明。 Who is the man(that) you were talking to? 刚才和你讲话的人是谁？ 温馨提示 (1)当关系代词whom和which直接位于介词之后时，whom/which不能省略。 (2)非限制性定语从句中的关系代词和关系副词在任何情况下都不能省略。,2.将定语从句变为非谓语动词形式,有时定语从句的关系代词和谓语的一部分可以省略，剩下不定式
9、(短语)、现在分词(短语)或过去分词(短语)作后置定语。 (1)定语从句转换成动词不定式(短语) There are still many problems that must be solved. There are still many problems to solve. 还有许多问题需要解决。 (2)定语从句转换成现在分词(短语) 当关系代词为定语从句的主语，定语从句中的谓语动词又是主动形式的行为动词时，定语从句一般可以转换成现在分词(短语)，但要注意主句和从句的时态要保持一致。,The people who live in the village have moved to othe
10、r areas. The people living in the village have moved to other areas. 住在村子里的人们已经搬到其他地方了。 (3)定语从句转换成过去分词(短语) 当关系代词为定语从句的主语，且定语从句的谓语动词用的是被动语态时，定语从句一般可以转换成过去分词(短语)。过去分词(短语)表示被动、完成的意义，其动作发生在主句的谓语动词之前。 The house which was damaged in the fire will be rebuilt soon. The house damaged in the fire will be rebu
11、ilt soon. 在火灾中损坏的房子不久将被重建。,.单句语法填空 1.He is a good comrade，with _ you can work. 2.The meeting，_ was held in the park，was attended by 1，000 people. 3.They came to China in the 1970s，_ China was not open to the outside world. 4._ is known to everybody，the moon travels around the earth once every month.
12、,whom,which,when,As,5.There are four rooms in the house，one of _ is a drawing room. 6.She gave another piece of advice，_ I think is of great help to the research work. 7.My uncle gave me a book，_ cover is very beautiful. 8.He went to Beijing，_ he had an important meeting. 9.Mr.Wang is the headmaster
13、 of our school，_ you saw at the meeting yesterday. 10.She must pay for what she has done，_ is natural.,which,which,whose,where,who/whom,which/as,.单句改错(每小题仅有1处错误) 1.There are many students play basketball on the playground._ 2.The question to be discussing tomorrow is whether workers salary should be increased. _ 3.Which weve seen，oceans cover more than 70% of the Earth._ 4.Mr.Smith，from who I have learned a lot，is a famous scientist._ 5.What can I do to rescue the girl trapping in the big fire？_,playplaying,discussingdiscussed,WhichAs,whowhom,trappingtrapped,
