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1、非谓语动词 松滋四中 冉小庆,一. 非谓语动词的基本介绍,1. 定义：非谓语动词指不能单独作谓语，但同时仍保留动词某些特征的动词形式。,不定式（to do） 动名词（ doing） 现在分词（doing） 过去分词（V-ed）,2.非谓语动词的种类：,、非谓语动词的各种形式和句法功能,（1）非谓语动词在句中所作的成分,（2）不定式的时态和语态,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,to have been doing,（3）动词-ing（现在分词和动名词）的时态和语态,过去分词,doing,being done,
2、having done,having been done,done,二. 非谓语动词的易错易混点,（一） 不定式与分词的区别,1. 不定式、现在分词和过去分词做定语时的区别,The school_（即将要建的）is intended for the disabled children. The school_ （正在建的）is intended for the disabled children. The school_(去年建的) last year is intended for the disabled children.,to be built,being built,built,结论
3、：做定语时，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后；现在分词所表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生；过去分词表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。,1.The play_(拍摄的）next month aims mainly to reflect the local culture. (produce) 2.Most of people_(被邀请参加晚会的） were famous scientists. (invite),to be produced,invited to the party,2.不定式、现在分词和过去分词做宾补的区别,I help her _ her wo
4、rk on time. 我帮她按时完成了工作。 We heard her _ next door. 我们听到她正在隔壁唱歌。 We heard the song _next door. 我们听见有人在隔壁唱过这首歌。,finish,singing,sung,结论：不定式做宾补表示动作的全过程，表明动作已经结束或即将发生；现在分词做宾补强调动作的延续性，强调动作正在进行；过去分词做宾补表示它与宾语之间是被动,完成关系。,1. They use the computer to keep the traffic _(畅通）smoothly. (run) 2. I _（手机被偷了）on my way
5、home. (have),running,had my phone stolen,3.不定式、现在分词和过去分词做状语的区别,He hurried to the station, only to find he had left. His parents died, leaving him an orphan.,结论：不定式做结果状语常表示出乎意料或不愿看到的结果，而现在分词做结果状语表示顺其自然的结果。,American and British English borrowed words from other countries, _(结果便有了不同的单词） （end),ending up
6、 with different words,(二) 现在分词和过去分词的区别,1._（听到这个消息），the boy jumped for joy. 2._(完成了家庭作业后)， he left and went home. 3._(当穿过街道时), you must be very careful. 4._,(被问及他的家庭时） he made no answer.,Hearing the news,Having finished all the work,Asked about his family,结论：现在分词表主动、进行，而过去分词表被动、完成。分词做状语时相当于一个状语从句。如果谓
7、语动词的动作和分词的动作是同时发生的,应用“when/while+现在分词”的结构。,When /while crossing the street,The teacher came in , _ (后面跟着学生）(follow) _ (用完了他们所有的钱）,they have no chance of surviving. (run),followed by the students,Having run out of all their money,(三) 动名词和现在分词的区别,1.做表语的区别： (1) Their job is finishing the experiment by
8、the end of this week. Finishing the experiment by the end of this week is their job.（现在分词） (2) The story is very exciting but a little long.（动名词）,结论：动名词做表语常可和主语换位，说明主语的内容；现在分词作表语，表示主语的性质和特征。,What he likes is _ （看孩子们玩耍）(watch),watching children play,(2)做定语的区别,A sleeping boy (a baby who is sleeping) (
9、现在分词）正在睡觉的孩子 A sleeping bag(= a bag for sleeping) 睡袋（动名词）,结论：现在分词做定语表示它所修饰的名词的动作，而动名词做定语表示它所修饰的名词的用途。,三.practice,1.The important report is supposed_（已被送给）the manager. (send) 2._(已受骗）many times by false advertisements, the old lady would not buy any products advertised on TV. (take),to have been sent
10、 to,Having been taken in,3.Students today are always found_ (背着沉重的书包) on their way to school. (burden) 4._ (不知如何解决）the problem, Jim turned to his teacher for help. (work),burdened with heavy bags,Not knowing how to work out,5.It was_ (你来迟） made the teacher very angry. You must come earlier next time
11、. (come) 6. _（位于-的中心）of the town, the supermarket attracts lots of customers every day. (locate),your coming late that,Located in the centre,四.summary,1.学习了非谓语动词的定义，种类，各种形式，时态和语态。 2.分析了非谓语动词的易错易混点：不定式与分词的区别；现在分词和过去分词的区别；现在分词和动名词的区别。 3.通过做练习也掌握了非谓语动词的一些难点。,五.Homework,Finish the exercises on your books.,
