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1、名词性从句,Noun clauses,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句 (Noun Clauses）。 名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能。,名词性从句,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,1. Whether well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. 2. Go and get your coat. Its where you left it. 3. Ill tell him when he comes back. 4. The news that o
2、ur team has won is true.,注：从句须用陈述语序,一、主语从句,主语从句在句中作主语。它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。,（1）. that 引导主语从句,1. That the driver could not control his car was obvious. 2. That he will come is certain.,注：that引导主语从句时，不同于其他的连词，在主语从句中无任何意义，也不充当任何成分，只是单纯的连词，通常不可省略。,在通常情况下，that引导主语从句时，常用it作形式主语，而将that从
3、句置于句尾，在这种结构中连词that有时可以省略。,It is certain that she will do well in her exam. 毫无疑问她考试成绩会很好。 It is likely that he will come . A. It+be+形容词(obvious, true, wonderful, natural,important, strange, surprising, good, funny, possible, likely, certain, probable, etc.)+that从句。 Its a pity that we cant go. 很遗憾我们不能
4、去 Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. B. It+be+名词词组(no wonder, no surprise, a shame,an honor, a good thing, a pity, etc.)+that从句。,常用形式主语it的结构：,D. It +不及物动词+ that-分句 It appears that 似乎 It happens that 碰巧 It occurred to me that 我突然想起 It happened that I was out that day. 碰巧我那天外出了。 I
5、t seems that he is wrong.,It is said that Mr. Green has arrived in Beijing. 据说格林先生已经到了北京。 It is reported that there will be a storm this afternoon C. It+be+过去分词(said, reported, thought ., expected, decided, announced, arranged, etc.)+that从句。,注：1.在表示惊讶、喜悦、遗憾等感情色彩时，that分句中的谓语动词也常用should+V原形。 2.在表示建议，命
6、令，要求等先行it结构中，that分句中的谓语动词常用should+V原形。,1.It is best that he（should）go. 2. Its a pity that he should have missed the train. 3. It is suggested that the meeting (should) be held this afternoon. 4. It is demanded that he (should) leave at once.,3.if 引导的主语从句只能放在句尾，而whether引导的主语从句既可以放在句首，也可以放在句尾 Whether
7、there is life on other planets is not yet known. It is not sure if he will succeed.,（2）注意连接代词whoever, whatever, whichever等引导主语从句的含义 Whoever comes will be welcome. (whoever=anyone who) 无论谁来都将受到欢迎。 Whatever he did was right. (whatever=anything that) 无论他做什么事情都是正确的。 Whichever of you comes in will receiv
8、e a prize. (whichever=anyone of you who) 你们当中不论哪个进来将会得到奖励。,二、表语从句,表语从句即在句中作表语的从句。按引导词的不同，可分为下面四类：,(1) 由从属连词引导(if不能引导表语从句) The fact is that we are behind other groups. The question is whether we should ask them for help.,(2) 由连接代词引导 China is not what is used to be. The problem is who will stay. What
9、she wants to know is which dress she should buy.,(3) 由连接副词引导 This is where you are wrong. That was how they were defeated. That is why he didnt pass the exam.,(4) 有时as,as if, as though, because也可以引导表语从句 Things are not always as they seem to be. It looks as if it were going to rain. It is because you
10、 eat too much.,注：reason作主语时，后面的表语从句表示原因是要用that引导，一般不用because或why；而用it、this、that作主语时，后面的表语从句可用because或why引导。,1.The reason+连系动词+that引导的表语从句 “理由是” The reason was that he fell ill. “理由是他生病了。”,2. It/This/That+连系动词+the reason+why引导的定语从句 “这就是的原因（理由）” That was the reason why he fell ill. “这就是他病倒的原因。”,3. It/
11、This/That+连系动词+because引导的表语从句 “这是因为” 或“这是由于缘故” That was because he fell ill. “这是因为他病倒了。”,4. It/This/That+连系动词+why引导的表语从句 “这就是的原因” That was why he fell ill. “这就是他病倒的原因。”,三、宾语从句,宾语从句是只在复合句中作及物动词宾语的从句，也可作介词和某些形容词的宾语。,I doubt whether he will succeed. 我怀疑他是否会成功。,You may do what you will. 你可做任何你想做的事。,I am
12、 glad that you are satisfied with your job.,1.当及物动词带双宾语时，宾语从句用作直接宾语。,注:These photos will show you my village. These photos will show you what our village looks like.,He thought it a pity that he missed the film. We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone.,2.如果宾语从句后边该有宾语补足语，则要用it作形式宾语，而将宾语从句放在宾
13、补之后。,3.介词的宾语从句不可用which和if来引导。 She asked if/whether you have received the letter. They are talking about whether he will win the game. that从句一般不作介词的宾语，只在表示“除外”的介词except,but,besides后偶尔能看见。 I know nothing about him except that he lives next door. “我对他一无所知，只知道他住在隔壁。”,4.某些作表语的形容词后可跟宾语从句。常见的有：sure,certain
14、,gald,pleased,happy,surprised等。,No one can be sure what man will look like in a million years.,5.在表示要求、建议、命令、意见、看法等动词后跟的宾语从句中，要用虚拟语气，动词形式为“should+动词原形” He insisted that Tom should do the job.,四、同位语从句,同位语从句跟在抽象名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容。用于同位语从句的名词主要有fact,news,word,promise,idea,plan,knowledge,law,opinion,trut
15、h,hope,belief,thought,doubt,answer,information,story,possibility, problem, suggestion等。引导词用that(不可省略), whether及连接副词how,when,where,why等,1.We must face the fact that we had spent all the money. 2.The question whether we could collect enough money came up at the meeting. 3.I have no idea when he will b
16、e back. 4. The suggestion where we should build our new factory should be considered.,1.从语法角度上看，引导同位语从句的that是连词，只起连接作用，在从句中不作任何句子成分；而引导定语从句的是关系代词，除了起连接作用外，还在从句中作句子成分，如主语、宾语等。 The news that well go on a picnic this Sunday isnt true. “这个星期天我们要去野餐的消息不是真的。” The news (that) youve heard isnt true. “你听到的消息不是真的。”,2.从语义角度上看，同位语从句与先行词是等同关系，一个具体，一个抽象，两者常可以转换为主表关系：而定语从句与它前面的名词是所属关系，表示“的”。,同位语从句与定语从句的区别：,注意问题,一.常用whether而不宜用if的六种情况：,1.引导主语从句放在句首时。 Whether he
