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1、,定语从句 及练习,定语从句,概念:在复合句中修饰名词或代词 的句子.,(Attributive clause),Mary is a beautiful girl.,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,形容词作定语,句子作定语,修饰girl, 叫做定语从句,Mary is a girl.,Mary has long hair.,合并为一个句子,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,1.The man is a worker.,2.The man is speaking at the meeting.,合并句子:,The man wh
2、o is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,先行词,关系词,定语从句,Mary is a girl who has long hair.,关系代词,关系副词,which, who, whom, whose, that,Where, when, why,当先行词是物时, 用which 或that引导.,These are the trees which/that were planted last year.,当先行词是人时, 用who, whom, whose, that引导.,This is the student who/that/whom I me
3、t yesterday.,一。关系代词引导的定语从句,who, whom, whose, that用法区别.,who 作定语从句的主语或宾语.,The man who is speaking at the meeting is a worker.,The man is a worker.,The man is speaking at the meeting.,分解,作主语,Whom 作定语从句的宾语,The woman whom they wanted to visit is a teacher.,The woman is a teacher.,They wanted to visit the
4、 woman.,分解,作宾语,whose 作定语从句的定语.,I know the girl whose mother is a teacher.,分解,I know the girl.,The girls mother is a teacher.,作定语,“whose n.”引导定语从句时，可换成“the n. of whom/which”或“of whom/which the n.”。 He lives in a big house whose window faces the sea. He lives in a big house faces the sea. He lives in
5、a big house faces the sea.,the window of which,of which the window,that 可以作定语从句的主语和宾语.,The teacher that teaches us English is Miss Chai. The thief that the policeman caught is a ten-year-old boy.,当先行词是时间时, 用when引导.,Ill never forget the time when we worked on the farm.,当先行词是原因时, 用why引导.,Nobody knows
6、the reason why he is often late for school.,当先行词是地点时，用where引导,This is the city where I lived 10 years ago,二。关系副词引导的定语从句,各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。例如： The boy who is wearing the black jacket is very clever. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中作宾语。例如： Do you know the young man (whom) we met at the gate？ 3. whose
7、指人，在定语从句中作定语。例如： I once lived in the house whose window faces south. I know the boy whose father is a professor. 4. which指物，在定语从中作主语或宾语。例如：This is the book (which) the teacher gave you yesterday.,难点链接,各个关系代词和关系副词的具体用法 5. that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。例如：Ive read the newspaper that(which) carries the im
8、portant news. Who is the person that is reading the newspaper over there? 6. when 指时间，在定语从句中作状语。例如： He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left. 7. where 指地点，在定语从句中作状语。例如：This is the house where we lived last year. The factory where his father works is in the east of the city. 8.why 指原因，其先行词是原因，起原因
9、状语作用。例如： Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.,难点链接,Match the two sentences 1.Im reading a book. The book is about Bill Gates. _ 2.He is a teacher. The teacher teaches us Chinese. _ 3.I dont like the man. He is smoking. _ 4.Where is the picture? You bought it last week. _,Im readi
10、ng a book that/which is about Bill Gates.,He is a teacher who/ that teaches us Chinese.,I dont like the man who is smoking.,Where is the picture that you bought last week?,三。“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句,关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。,The school he once studied in is very famous.,(which / that),The school he
11、 once studied is very famous.,The school he once studied in is very famous.,in which,which,This is the boy I played tennis with yesterday.,This is the boy I played tennis yesterday.,(whom / who / that),with whom,四。“代词或者数词+介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句。 代词有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each , fe
12、w 等。数词有one等。,He loves his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.,We have two spare rooms upstairs, neither of which has been much used in the past two years. 我们楼上有两间空房，过去两年内都没怎么用。,In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.,There are forty students in our clas
13、s in all, most of whom are from big cities.,Up to now, he has written ten stories, three of which are about country life.,I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today.,五。关系副词引导的定语从句经常可以用“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句来表示。,I dont know the reason he looks unhappy today.,why,for which,关系副词在意义上都相当于一定的介词 + which结构： wh
14、en = on (in, at, ，by，during) + which; where = in (at, on，from) + which; why = for which. 如： I was in Beijing on the day he arrived. The office he works is on the third floor. This is the chief reason we did it.,when (= on which),where (= in which),why (= for which),注意：from where为“介词关系副词”结构，它也可以引导定语从
15、句。 Tom hid himself behind the door， _ he could hear the steps of his mother clearly.,from where,巩固练习： American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently. （04上海） A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom 2. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. （04全国I） A for which B at which C in which D on which 3. There are altogeth
