第五节 形容词和副词,第二章 词汇与语法结构,一、形容词的句法功能 1、做定语（修饰名词、代词） A straight forward talk is better than a flowery(多花的，用花装饰的) speech. （巧言不如直说 He is a very good swimmer. （他是个好游泳运动员注意： ①形容词在修饰someone, somebody, something, anyone, anybody, nobody, nothing等不定代词时，需要置于其后 The King often spoke with somebody clever.（国王常与一些聪明的人交谈 There is something wrong with my radio. （我的收音机有点毛病②enough 作为形容词放在可数复数名词和不可数名词前 Have you got enough sandwiches for lunch？ Surely(的确) 15 minutes is enough time for you to have coffee.,2、作表语 His advice is quite helpful. （他的建议十分有用。
He looks very healthy. （他看来很健康 3、作宾语补足语 The rain made the ground wet. （雨使地面浸湿了 He found the door open. （他发现房间门开着He found the door open. （他发现房间门开着 4、作主语或宾语 有些形容词，如：true, good, beautiful, bad, ugly等前加定冠词the，表示一类人或事物作主语，表达具体概念，则谓语动词用复数；表达抽象概念，谓语动词用单数，如： The old are respected here and there.（老人们在任何地方都应爱到尊敬The new replaces the old. （新事物总是要代替旧事物 The beautiful is not always the good. （美的东西不一定都是好的东西 二、形容词的用法 1、下列以 a- 开头的形容词、表示健康状况或感觉反应的形容词通常只用作表语，不作前置定语 alike(彼此相似的，同样的)， afraid， alone， asleep， awake（醒着的）， aware(知道的)，alive， ashamed（害羞的）；,,,unable（不能…的）, con′tent /ə/ /e/ （满意的），glad, ill, pleased, sorry, well, faint（虚弱的）等。
She stayed awake to wait for her husband. 她为了等她的丈夫而没有睡 She wasn’t aware of the danger. 她没有察觉到危险 He was unable to change her mind. 他不能改变她的主意2、worth, worthwhile与worthy的用法 worth为表语形容词，不作前置定语 be worth “价值……；值得……” 后跟名词或及物动词的动名词的主动形式(表示被动意义) This bike is worth ＄100. (dollars) （单车价值一百美元The book is worth reading a second time. （这本书值得再读一遍 注：worth常被well修饰 That place is well worth visiting. (2)It is worthwhile doing sth. = It is worthwhile to do sth. = sth is worth doing. (做某事是值得的),It is worthwhile visiting the place.= It is worthwhile to visit the place.= The place is worth visiting. (3)worthy “值得的，配得上的” (一般与of 短语或不定式连用。
) He is worthy of our trust.他值得我们信任 The problem is worthy of being considered. =The problem is worthy to be considered. 那个问题值得考虑三、副词的句法功能 1. 作状语 （1）修饰动词，如： It’s raining heavily. (天正下着大雨) They are warmly welcomed /ə/ by the students. (他们受到学生们的热烈欢迎) （2）修饰形容词，如： You are quite right. (你非常正确) It’s a rather difficult job. (这是一项相当困难的工作),（3）修饰其他副词，如： Don’t ride too fast. （别骑得太快 Neither Tom nor Susan can swim very well. （汤姆和苏珊都不太会游泳 2. 作定语，常位于所修饰词后面，多为时间和地点副词如: The population here is very large. （ 这儿的人口很多。
The meeting today is very important. （今天的会议很重要四、副词的位置 1、频度副词一般放在行为动词前，助动词、系动词、情态动词后 You have often been told not to do it. She always helps others. She often comes to see me. He has never been to Shanghai.,2、程度副词（enough）除外一般放在被修饰的形容词、副词或动词前如： This is a very good book. She studies much harder. I quite understand. He plays the piano fairly well. 注：enough 作为副词，放在动词、形容词和其他副词的后面Is the river deep enough for swimming （to swim in）？ She isn't good enough for the exam. You don't practice enough at the piano.,3、表示可能性的副词或表示真实性有多大的副词，通常不用于句末。
如：probably, possibly, certainly, definitely /e/ /i/(确定地，一定地)等 They have probably gone there. I definitely saw him in the crowd. 我绝对看见他在人群里 但 perhaps 与 surely 一般用于句首 Perhaps he doesn’t know your name.,4、大多数修饰全句的副词可以置于句首、句中或句末，多用逗号和其他部分隔开如： Indeed(的确，诚然), I didn’t know where she was. We still felt very happy, however. He did not, however, accept my invitation.,五、形容词副词比较等级的用法 1、两者相比（甲=乙），用“as + 原级+as”表示： Tom is as tall as Jack. （汤姆和杰克一样高 She could do as well as a man. （她能干得和男人一样好例：Mary’s brain is just _____theirs. as full of knowledge as full of as knowledge /ɔ/ so full of knowledge as full of so much knowledge as 答案：A,2、两者相比（甲乙），用 “not as（so）+原级+as”表示 （注：第一个as只有在否定句中才可以换成so） I didn’t do my homework as( so) carefully as you. （我做作业不如你仔细。
She isn’t as ( so) careful as you. （她不如你细心例： He speaks English well indeed, but of course not _____ a native speaker. as fluent as B. more fluent than C. so fluently as D. much fluently than 答案：C,3、两者相比（甲乙），用“比较级 + than”表示 （甲乙） 用 less than 表示 Robert jumps much higher than any of the others. （罗伯特比其他人跳得高得多 Our city is more beautiful than any other city in our country. （我们的城市比我国任何别的城市都漂亮）,注:在使用比较等级时被比较内容的对等性 [误] Her voice is as sweet as a bird. [正] Her voice is as sweet as that (=the voice) of a bird. 4、比较等级的一些特殊用法 1）表示“几倍于……时”，用“倍数+ as…as”来表示，亦可用“倍数+比较级+than…”表示。
This kind of plane flies twice as fast as that kind. （这种飞机的速度是那种飞机的两倍快 Our classroom is three times larger than yours. （我们的教室比你们的教室大三倍例：To our great surprise, we got_____ people to attend the meeting as we expected. twice as many B. twice many C. twice many as D. as twice many 答案: A,回忆: 英语中倍数表示法的四种情况： ①倍数+the+名词（如size, height, length, width等/i/ /θ/）+of +比较对象 ②倍数+形容词、副词的比较级+than+比较状语从句 ③倍数+as+形容词、副词的原级+as+比较状语从句 ④倍数+as much+不可数名词或as many+可数名词的复数形式+as 比较状语从句The new building is four times the size ( the height ) of the old one. Asia is four times as large as Europe. （ 亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
Your school is three times bigger than ours. （你们的学校比我们的学校大三倍2）形容词和副词的比较级可以被下列词语修饰：much, far，still, even, a lot, a great deal, rather, any, a little, a bit, no等 It’s much warmer today. （。