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1、阅读表达提能方略,泰安一中 王宝霞,命题特点,一、能力考查 。要求相当强的阅读能力和表达能力。 二、文章长度 。在训练时文章的选择不能够太短（少于250词）或太长（多于350）。 三、文体的选择：文章的选择以叙述、议论、夹叙夹议等为主，但是要保证故事或内容的完整性。所选短文内容逻辑性强、贴近生活、新颖、时代感强，文章结构严谨，层次分明。 四、设题情况：总的来讲，有七种类型，即6+X：,1、概括文章大意、标题或者指出作者写作的目的、意图 Whats the best title /main idea/ purpose of the passage? (please answer within _
2、words) 2、找替换句子 Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one? 3、填空 Filling the blank with proper words or phrases to complete the sentence. (please answer within _words) 4、封闭型问题（Close-ended Questions）：结合文中具体依据进行回答. List the three main factors in success, according to paragraph4
3、(please answer within _words) 5、开放型问题（Open-ended Questions）：结合个人观点态度进行表述 Which of the is your favorite?/What will you do after reading the passage? Why? 6、翻译句子 Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese. 7、其它类型：结合文章的不同题材和体裁给出的其它类型的问题,阅读表达能力训练目标,1、理解主旨和要义 2、根据不同文章的特点理解分析文章的基本结构 3、理解文中具体信息，学会找意思相同
4、的替换句 4、学会分析上下文逻辑、意义联系，扎实语法功底。 5、分清句子的意群结构 ，掌握基本的英译汉技巧,解题方法及备考策略,1、克服词汇障碍，提高阅读能力 To read well you need a strong vocabulary; to build a strong vocabulary you need to read well. 2、掌握基本语法知识，学会破解长、难句, 先抛开次要成分抓主干，再理解细枝末节 e.g. A habit is simply a behavior that has been performed so often that it becomes se
5、cond nature and part of a comfort zone that people have created for themselves.,3、积累文化背景知识、常识及自然科学知识，加深对文章的理解。 4、培养良好的阅读习惯，摒弃声读、点读、回读等恶习。,主干：习惯仅仅是一种行为 从句：它因经常被重复做而变成第二天性，并且成为人们为自己创造的舒适地带的一部分。,有的放矢，探究阅读表达解题技巧,1、如何概括主旨大意及标题,浏览首尾段，搜寻关键词和主题句；关注各段段首句。 捕捉人物、顺序、观点、中心词；理清文章脉络；结合情感线索；把握语篇实质。,例如， One thing Br
6、itain is famous for is pubs, and no trip to the UK would be complete without a visit to one of the thousands of pubs across the country. Pubs play an important part in the social structure of the country. They are places where all ages and social classes mix to talk, do business, or just spend a cou
7、ple of quiet hours before heading home in the evening.,2、找替换句的原则：形似；神似；形神兼备 形似：有较为对应的词或短语 神似：没有较为对应的词或短语，但句子含义相同或相近 形神兼备：个别词或短语类似，整个句子含义相同或相近,The main idea of this passage: Pubs in Britain,例如，形神兼备的同义句： China and India would contribute 65 million and 142 million new workers to the global workforce, r
8、espectively, by 2020, said the study. According to the study, by 2020,there will be 65 million new workers in China and 142 million in India, joining the global workforce.,said the study According to the study contribute to join,Now that all the people are influenced by habits, it is meaningful to a
9、ffected by good ones. Since everybody is a slave to habits, it makes sense to be a slave to good habits only.,Now that since makes sense be meaningful Be influenced by be a slave to,形似句：If you dont understand the course material ,dont just reread the material. If you have difficulty in understanding
10、 the course material, dont just read it over and over again.,神似句：When doctors walk into an exam room, they know to look for a diploma to see where the doctor went to medical school. Doctors pay more attention to where the doctor graduated. See yourself as a cause,not an effect. Be clear that you are
11、 an actor but not a victim.,3、完成句子解题技巧 四步走,1、抓住连词理顺上下文逻辑关系（转折，让步，因果，条件，递进等） 2、寻求参照搭配合理形式（用词、短语还是句子填写） 3、顾全语法做到完美输出 4、最后检查看上下文是否通顺，能否恢复文章作者原本想表达的思想、内容或意图。,例如，The American Speech -language-Hearing Association is working with companies and government officials on setting rules for the use of portable m
12、usic devices. The group says the best way to protect your hearing is to _ , limit listening time and use earphones to block out foreign noises.,reduce the volume/turn down the player,Pretending that nothing bad will happen can lead to poor decisions, and invite people to take advantage of you. Take
13、the good with the bad in hopes of the good eventually outweighing the bad , and with the understanding that being pessimistic about everything accomplishes nothing. Prepare for the worst but _ -the former makes you sensible, and the latter makes you optimistic.,hope for the best,4、回答问题技巧,对于封闭性的问题，首先
14、应认真审题，弄清楚题目的要求，在文章中找到明确的依据，回答应该具有针对性，紧扣题目，语言既要完整又要简洁。回答要具有针对性，要避免答非所问。 开放性问题的答案是多样性和主观性的。要注意： (1)围绕主旨，理清要点 。 (2)用加法在字数要求范围内扩点成句，润色上档。注意围绕文章的中心观点展开论述，防止不着边际，离题万里。要自圆其说，句子完整，语法正确，回答why 问句最好加上because。,例如， 1、开放性问题：Which piece of advice interests you most? Why? 你应选取文中你理解较为透彻的建议来作答。 2、封闭型问题：Why are men le
15、ss likely to express gratitude, according to the text?,5、翻译技巧,原则：忠实原文，语句通顺，符合汉语表达习惯，注意两种语言之间的差异，了解常用翻译方法。尽量做到“信、达、雅”。,注意一个问题：,汉语句子结构相对简短，在安排上往往“先时间、地点后事件，先因后果，先条件后结论”的原则。 例如，An earthquake happened in Japan last week. Its important to get a doctor before an emergency arises.,上周日本发生了地震。,在紧急状况发生之前找来医生，
16、这点很重要。,了解两种句式的翻译：,定语从句：转换成汉语的短句，适当调整句子之间的顺序，做到条理清晰，意思明确。 例如，After graduation, he got a job as a programmer in a big company that paid $1000 a month. 被动句：学会把英语中大量的被动句转换成汉语的主动句或把字句。 例如，The wallet was lost when I was on my way back home.,毕业之后，他在一家大公司当编程员，月薪一千美元。,我在回家的路上把钱包丢了。,常用翻译方法：,意译法：但采用最多的还是直译法 例如，Distance from the event should make the memories less painful. 增译法：根据情况适当增减 例如，What about calling him right away?,时过境迁，痛苦的往事会在记忆中淡漠。,
