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1、Amplification in Translation,增译法,1. Lexical Amplification（从词汇上考虑的增词） 2. Syntactical Amplification （从句法结构上考虑的增词） 3. Cultural Amplification （从文化上考虑的增词） 4. Rhetorical Amplification （从修辞上考虑）,1. Lexical Amplification,1.1 增加动词 1.2 增加名词 1.3 增加概括词 1.4 增加副词 1.5 增加量词 1.6 增加表达复数的词 1.7 增加表达时态的词,1. 1 增加动词,1)In t
2、he evening, after the banquets, the concerts and the table tennis exhibition, he would work on the drafting of the final communique. 晚上在参加宴会、出席音乐会、观看乒乓球表演之后，他还得起草最后的公报。,2) She felt the flowers were in her fingers, on her lips, growing in her breast. 译文一：她觉得手里和唇上都是花儿，胸中也生长着花儿。 译文二：她觉得她好像手里拿着花，嘴里吻着花，连
3、胸中也生出了花。,1. Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记（写作）使人准确。 2. We dont regret, we never have and never will. 我们不会后悔，我们从来没有后悔过，我们将来也不会后悔。 3. After the basketball, he still has an important conference. 看完篮球比赛之后，他还有一个重要会议要参加。,课内练习,1. 2 增加名词,a. 在抽象名词
4、后面增加名词 1）We have made some achievements, and we must guard against complacency. 我们取得了一些成绩，但还要防止自满情绪。 2）Oxidation will make iron and steel rusty. 氧化作用会使钢铁生锈。,b. 在具体名词后面增加名词 当具体名词表达某种抽象概念时，在译文中也常常需要根据上下文增加一些适当的名词。 1) He allowed the father to be overruled by the judge，and declared his own son guilty。 他
5、让法官的职责战胜父子的私情，而判决他儿子有罪。 2) In the future, automation may enable human beings to enjoy far more leisure than they do today. 将来自动化可能使人类享受到比今天更多的空闲时间。,c. 在形容词前面增加名词 This new type of computer is indeed cheap and fine. 这部新型电脑真是价廉物美。 He is a complicated man-moody, mercurial, with a melancholy streak. 他是一个
6、性格复杂的人喜怒无常，反复多变，有些忧郁寡欢。,d. 在不及物动词后面增加名词 英语中的某些动词在用作不及物动词的时候，虽然后面并没有带宾语，但宾语实际上是隐含在动词后面的。所以在翻译成汉语时，往往要把隐含的宾语翻译出来。 1）Day after day he came to his worksweeping, scrubbing, cleaning. 他每天来干活扫地、擦地板、收拾房间。 2）I could knit when I was seven. 我7岁时就会织毛衣。,课内练习,1. First you borrow, then you beg. 头一遭借钱，下一遭就讨饭。 2. Ma
7、ry washed for a living after her husband died of cancer. 玛丽的丈夫癌症去世后，就靠洗衣服维持生活。 3. He ate and drank, for he was exhausted. 他吃了 点东西，喝了点酒，因为他疲惫不堪了。 4. That black jacket is indeed cheap and fine. 那件黑夹克真是价廉物美。,5. He was wrinkled and black, with scant gray hair. 他满脸皱纹，皮肤黝黑，头发灰白稀疏。 6. A new kind of carsmal
8、l, cheapis attracting increasing attention. 一种新型轿车正越来越引起人们的注意这种轿车体积小，价钱便宜。 7. His arrogance made everyone dislike him. 他的傲慢态度使谁也不喜欢他。 8. After all preparations were made, the planes were flown across the U.S. to San Francisco. 一切准备工作就绪以后， 飞机就飞越美国去了旧金山。,1. 3 增加概括词,概括词是英汉两种语言所共有的，但有时英语句子中并没有出现概括词，而翻译的
9、时候却往往可以加入“两人”、“双方”、“等”、“等等”、“凡此种种”等概括词，同时省略掉英语中的连接词。,1. Like most wildlife，deer reproduce，grow，and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available. 与大多数野生动物一样，鹿在营养丰富、食物充足的夏秋两季，繁殖、生长储存脂肪。 2. The advantages of the hall are bright, spacious, fashionable and without ec
10、ho. 这个大厅有四大优点：宽敞、明亮、样式新颖、没有回声。,试译：,They talked about wage, price and inflation. 他们谈及工资、物价、通货膨胀等问题。,1. 4 增加副词,有些动词根据原文的上下文可以增加适当的副词，以确切表示原意。 1）As he sat down and began talking, words poured out. 他一坐下来就讲开了，滔滔不绝地讲个没完。 2）The crowds melted away. 人群渐渐地散开了。,试译：,She lingered long over his letter. 她反反复复地回味着他
11、的来信。,1. 5增加量词,英语中数词与可数名词往往可以直接连用，不用加量词。而汉语往往要加入量词。 1）A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea. 一轮红日从平静的海面冉冉升起。 2) Into the dim clouds was swimming a crescent moon. 一弯新月渐渐隐没在朦胧的云层里去了。,课内练习,1. A stream was winding its way through the valley into the Dadu river. 一弯溪水蜿蜒流过山谷，汇合到大渡河去了。 2. This was a compli
12、cate lie， too. 这也纯粹是一派胡言。 3. Once, they had a quarrel. 有一次，他们争吵了一番。 4. Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 5. The essence remains its identity while appearances may vary. 万变不离其宗。,1. 6增加表达复数的词,增加重叠词表示复数 1）Flowers bloom all over the yard. 朵朵鲜花开满了庭院。 2）There were rows of houses which he had never seen before.
13、 一排排的房子，都是他从来没有见过的。,1.7 增加表达时态的词,a强调某种时间概念 1. The old man had taught the boy to fish and the boy loved him. 原来，是那位老人已经教会了孩子捕鱼，所以孩子很爱他。 2. I had never thought Id be happy to find myself considered unimportant. But this time I was. 以前我从未想过，当我发觉人们认为我无足轻重时，我会感到高兴。但这次情况的确如此。,b. 强调时间上的对比 1. It was said th
14、at his father was a fisherman. Maybe he was as poor as we are. 听说，从前他爸爸是个打鱼的。他过去也许跟我们现在一样穷。 2. I was, and remain, grateful for the part he played in my release. 我的获释也有他的功劳。对此我过去很感激，现在仍然很感激。,2. Syntactical Amplification (从句法结构上考虑的增词),2.1 增补原文中省略的动词 2.2 增补原文比较句中的省略部分 2.3 增补原文回答句中的省略部分 2.4 增补表示逻辑关系的词语,
15、2. 1 增补原文中省略的动词,Matter can be changed into energy, and energy into matter. 物质可以转化为能，能也可以转化为物质。 Courage in excess becomes foolhardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice. 勇敢过度即成愚勇，感情过度即成溺爱，节俭过度即成贪婪。, A government of and by and for the exploiting class cannot possibly survive. 一个为剥削阶级所占有，由剥削阶级所组成并为剥
16、削阶级服务的政府是不可能存在下去的。 Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (Francis Bacon) 读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才,2. 2增补原文比较句中的省略部分,1) This is true of nations as it is of individuals. 国家是这样，个人也是这样。 2）Better be wise by the defeat of others than by your own. 从别人的失败中汲取教训比从自己的失败中汲取教训更好。 3）The footman were as ready to serve her as they were their own mistress. 仆人们愿意服侍她，就像他们愿意服侍他们的女主人一样。,2.3 增补原文回答句中的省略部分,1）Is this your wallet ? Yes, it is. 这是你的钱包吗？是我的。 2）Dont you want
