《非谓语动词区分》ppt课件

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1、三种非谓语动词区分,李瑞云,考试方式与时间 考试为上机考试。考试满分为100分。考试由全国高校网络教育考试委员会组织命题,在同一时间全国统考。,动词是英语教学中的一个重点项目;而动词中的难点则属非谓语动词。非谓语动词,顾名思义,就是不能做谓语的动词(可以做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语)。 非谓语动词有三类:动词不定式(to do)、 现在分词(doing)和过去分词(done)。虽然动词(doing)属名词的范围,但由于其与现在分词同形,因此,本文也将其作以必要的区别。,一、看该类非谓语动词所表示的动作是属于“主动、被动、完成、将来”中的哪一种? 不定式:表示“将来”和“(具体时间或方式

2、下的)某一次动作”; Can you imagine the building to be built next year?(将要) I like to read after the teacher. (方式:after the teacher) 现在分词:可表示“正在、主动、习惯、在先”四种情况之一; He was seen crying in the next room.(seen的时候crying正在发生) While reading,he sometimes made some notes. (he主动reading) I love reading English aloud.(习惯、

3、爱好、 经常) Finishing all his work,he had a drink. (先finish,后drink) 过去分词:仅表示“被动”或“完成”。 Moved deeply by what he said,we cant say a word.(被动) When the sun has risen,they began to cheer all the way.(完成),二、作宾语: 习惯在后面接上动词不定式作宾语的动词常见如:want,wish,hope,desire,ask,offer,agree,care, choose, expect, manage, pretend

4、,intend,attempt,decide,learn, determine及tell/show/teach sb how to do 习惯在后面接动名词作宾语的动词常见的如: 1).admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel,finish,forgive,imagine,include, keep,mention, mind,miss,practise,resis,risk,suggest 2).give up,put off,set about/off, insist on, persist in

5、,stick to,see to,look forward to,on the way to, cant help/bear/stand,its no use/good,后接to和接ing形式意义不同的常见动词如: 1)remember/forget接to do 表示动作“没有”发生或“将要”发生;接doing表示动作“已经”发生。 The letter is still in my pocket.I forget to have it posted. 信仍在我口袋里,我忘记把它寄出去了。 I forgot writing to him last month.So I write him ag

6、ain. 我忘了上月曾给他写过信。所以又给他写了封信。 2)regret doing是为做过的事而感到后悔; regret to do 为不能做某事而遗憾。 I regretted telling him everything. 我后悔把一切都跟他说了。 I regret to say that I cant go with you. 不能和你一起走,真遗憾!,3)stop/go on后接doing 表示“停止”或“继续”的是“同一件事”或某事“本身”;后接to do 表示“停下甲事开始干乙事”或“继续干上了另一件事”。 After finish maths,he went on to do

7、physics exercises. 在做完数学(事)后,他又继续做物理练习(事)。 When the teacher came in,the students stopped singing. 教师进来后,学生们停止了唱歌(停止singing 动作本身)。 When the teacher came in,they stopped to sing. 老师进来后,他们(停下原来干的事情)开始唱歌。 4)try to do=try ones best 尽力地干某事 try doing sth=have a try试着干某事 5)mean to do sth意欲干某事,想干某事 mean doin

8、g意思是 6) like/love/hate to do 具体某次行为 like/love/hate doing 经常,习惯,三、作定、状语时,to do表示“将”;doing表示“主动”;done表示“被”。 Given more time,Ill do it better.(后面主语是被given) Giving him another chance,they waited for him to win.(they主动“给”他) He found himself followed by a stranger.(他被跟踪) He came in,following a student. (他

9、主动跟在学生后面) This is the bridge built in 1980.(过去被修建) This is the bridge being built by the workers.(正在被) This is the bridge to be built next month.(下月将被修建) 注意:having (been) done这种形式,只宜作状语;不宜作定语。,四、作宾语的补足语:后面的补语和前面的宾语之间有动宾或主谓关系。 感官动词的宾补省去to: I hear someone sing/singing in the next room. 这类动词常见的有:see,lo

10、ok at,glare at,stare at, glance at,watch,notice,observe; hear,listen to;feel等。 使役动词的宾补省去to: 常见这类动词有三个:make,let,have表示“使,让,叫” The boss made him get up at six in the morning. help的用法比较灵活,下面说法都是对的: help do,help to do,help sb do,help sb to do,help sb with sth. 注意:一般动词之间再接动词时,应将后面一个改为非谓语形式;在现代英语口语中能直接跟动词

11、原形的也就这么几个:help do,see go,hear sing.,其它意义的动词作补语一般应加to: The manager got his secretary to have the letter typed as soon as he finished.经理一写完信,就叫密书拿去打印。 再如:tell sb to do,order sb to do,ask sb to do等都是如此。 提示:1)宾补用do 或to do可表示“过去完成、将来和经常”,而用doing表示主句动词的动作发生时, 补语的动作也在同时发生; 2)不管不定式有没有带to,在改为被动语态后,其主语的补语(原宾补

12、)一律用to do;原来是doing的,仍然用-ing形式。,五、常见句式略要: 疑问词to do,onesdoing He didnt know what to do. Do you mind my opening the windows? too.to句型,“太过于.以致以不能.” not too 弱化语气,“不太.” 形容词enough to do “足可以”,“很. 以致以可以” So形容词as to do 相当于so.that “如此.以致” It is/was 形容词(for/of sb)to do sth “对某人来说.是.的” It is important for us to

13、 learn how to use computers. 对我们来说学会使用电脑是很重要的。,It is no use/no good动名词 “干. 是没有用处的” It is no good talking without doing. 光说不做是毫无用处的。 当事物作主语,表示被动时,need/want/require 后面可以接两种形式: The wall wants to be painted again. 这堵墙需要再次粉刷了。 注意:后接doing形式时要用主动式;同时出现,以to be done为优。 介词的宾语不用过去分词。(-ing形式叫动名词) He rushed out

14、without being noticed.(动名词短语的被动式作宾语) They are interested in playing chess. (表示主动动作) 注意:but作介词时,可由不定式(to)do 作宾语。 The bear could do nothing but lie down and sleep.(“除.之外”) 分三种情况:but前有do的各种形式且作谓语,but后不用to;but前虽有do的各 种形式, 但并不作谓语,but后面的to可有可无;but前无do,but后to不可省。,Be worth (while) doing的-ing形式只用主动式不用被动式。 Th

15、e movie is worth seeing again. 这部影片值得(被)再看一次。(不用being seen) 但be worthy后面接to be done或of being done均有被动式。 10Not应放在非谓语动词的前面。 Having not received his answer, I wrote him again. (错误:not应放在分词having的前面。) You hadnt better go in such a hurry. (错误:not应该放在go前;有to do的,not放to前。) 11-ing表“主动”,与事有关;-ed (过去分词)表“被动”,

16、与人有关。 He is moved by the moving story.(he和moved 搭配,“故事”用moving修饰)。 The tiring boy made his mother tired. 搅人的孩子使他母亲很累。 (孩子“主动”使人疲劳;母亲“被”孩子搅得疲劳。) Her puzzing/puzzled face caused us to be puzzled. 她疑惑的脸色使我们也很疑惑。 ( puzzling face 让我们疑惑的脸色(她主动);puzzled face她自己疑惑(她被),12动名词可以有复合结构:ones doing Do you mind my smoking here?你在意我在这儿抽烟吗? 13连词之后可用分词,其主、被动状况取决于与主句主语的关系。 If heated,ice can be turned into water. 主句主语ice被加热(heated)。 While reading,he had

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