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1、1规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成，具体变化有：1. 直接在词尾加 -ed。如 : wantwanted, workworked, needneeded, cleancleaned2. 以不发音的 e 结尾的在词尾加-d。如：likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved3. 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stopstopped, triptripped元 音 ： a e i o u 辅 音 ： b d g v r z n p m t c （ k g) f l s h j x重 读 闭 音 节
2、 法 ： 两 个 辅 音 间 夹 着 一 个 元 音 。4. 以辅音字母加 y 结尾的动词，先把 y 变成 i，再加-ed。如：studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, marrymarried不规则动词的过去式构成：（1）把动词原形中的 i 改为 a，变成过去式。如：beginbegan，drinkdrank，givegave，ringrang，singsang，sitsat，swimswam（2）把重读开音节中的 i 改为 o，变成过去式。如：drivedrove，riderode，writewrote（3）改动词原形中的 awow 为 ew，变成
3、过去式。如：drawdrew，growgrew，knowknew，throwthrew（动词 show 除外，showshowed）（4）动词原形中的 e 改为 o，变成过去式。如：getgot，forgetforgot（5）动词原形中的 ee 改为 e，变成过去式。如：feedfed，meetmet（6）动词原形中的 eep 改为 ept，变成过去式。如：keepkept，sleepslept（7）动词原形中的 eak 改为 oke，变成过去式。如：breakbroke，speakspoke（8）动词原形中的 ell 改为 old，变成过去式。如： sellsold，telltold（9）动
4、词原形中的 an 改为 oo，变成过去式。如：standstood，understandunderstood（10）以 ought 和 aught 结尾的过去式。如： bringbrought，buy bought，thinkthought，catchcaught，teachtaught（11）以 ould 结尾的情态动词过去式。如：cancould，shallshould，willwould（12）把动词原形中的 o 改为 a，变成过去式。如：comecame，becomebecame（13）在动词原形后加 d 或 t 变成过去式。如：hearheard， saysaid，meanmeant
5、（14）动词的过去式与动词原形一样。如：letlet，mustmust，putput，readread（15）不符合上述规律的动词过去式。如： 2am，iswas，arewere，buildbuilt，dodid，eatate，fallfell，feelfelt，findfound，flyflew，gowent，have has had，holdheld，leaveleft，makemade，maymight，runran，seesaw，taketook动词的 ing 形式作表语，定语和宾补一、动词-ing 形式作表语 （表语是谓语的一部分，它位于系动词如 be 之后，说明主语身份，特征，属性
6、或状态。 ）1. 表示主语的内容 ,可以转换到句首作主语Her job is keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible. (= keeping the lecture hall as clean as possible is her job)她的工作是尽量使报告厅保持干净。2. 表示主语具有的特征、性质和状态(动词 ing 相当一个形容词）The problem is quite puzzling. 这个问题很令困惑。3.常用来作表语的现在分词有 astonishing, amusing, confusing, disappointing, b
7、oring, encouraging, inspiring, moving, tiring, interesting, surprising 等。二、 动词-ing 形式作定语（在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语）1 单个的动词-ing 形式可以作前置定语，一般具有两种含义。 说明被修饰名词的用途和性能。a reading room = a room which is used for reading 阅览室running shoes =shoes for running 跑鞋a working method =a method for working 工作方法 表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，
8、在意思上接近一个定语从句，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性动作或当时的状态。developing countries = countries that are developing发展中国家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起来很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem that puzzles somebody困扰人的问题2 作定语的动词-ing 形式如是一个短语，则应放在被修饰词的后面 ,做后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。They lived in a house facing
9、south.(=which is facing south)他们住在一所朝南的房子里。Do you know the boy playing basket?（= Who is playing basket)你认识在打篮球的那个小男孩吗？The man visiting Japan (=the man who is visiting Japan ) is my uncle正在访问日本的那个男人是我的叔叔。三、动词-ing 形式作宾补（补充说明宾语）1、动词-ing 形式作宾语补足语常放在宾语后 3面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。When we returned, we
10、 found a stranger standing in front of the house.2、当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语补足语的动词-ing 形式便转换为主语补足语。They found the film very exciting. = The film is found very exciting.3、能用-ing 形式作宾语补足语的几类动词:1) 表示感觉和心理状态的感官动词， （常见的有 see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to 等）+ sb + doing sth（作宾补）I
11、felt somebody standing behind me.2) 表示指使意义的动词使役动词， （常见的有 have, set, keep, get, catch, leave 等）+sb/ sth + doing sth (作宾补）We kept the fire burning all night long.我们让火整夜燃烧着。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允许你在房间里跑来跑去。4、see, hear, feel, watch 等动词之后用-ing 形式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：We heard the telepho
12、ne ring.We heard the telephone ringing.前者表示动作正在进行，后者表示（或强调）动作的全过程。练习：1.Can China rid the country of_(hungry). 2.All the _(equip) should be changed.3.The reporters said that they wanted_ _(free)of speech.4.I would rather you _(be) not here now.5.Li ming speaks English fluently as if he _ (be)an Engli
13、shman.6.It was thanks _ _his advice that I succeeded.7.In my view, students should focus their attention _ study.8.The special strain of rice makes _ _possible to produce one-third more of the crop in the same fields.9.Dr. Yuan grows _ _is called super hybrid rice.10.Miss lius holiday in Guangzhou l
14、ed to her_ _(marry) a man from New Zealand.11.I think it no use _ _(argue) with him.12.-What do you think made Mary so upset? -_ _(lose) her new bicycle, I think.13.While shopping , people sometimes cant help_ _(persuade)into buying things they dont really need.14.When we watched national flag_ _(ra
15、ise) in the Olympic Games on TV, we raised a cheer.15.To help him _ _(mean) delaying more than a week or so.16.After his death, the rest of his money _ _(give)to his son, which made the young boy very happy.417.It was in a shop nearby_ _ I bought my new handbag.18.The fine weather makes _ _possible for us to go for an outing next week.19.We got three times as many people_ _we had expected.20.It _ _(observe)that 40 percent of patients had high blood pressure.21.Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _ _(work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline.22.There is _ _h in the word
