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1、Noun Clause,The Noun Clause 在句中充当名词成分. 也就是说做主语, 宾语,表 语, 同位语. 于是就形成了主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句. e.g.同一个词引出的句子，在不同的位置，引出不同的从句。 We all know that the earth is round. That the earth is round is known to us all. The truth is that the earth is round. Do you believe the truth that the earth is round?,名词性从句 名词性从句包
2、括主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。 1. 陈述句作名词性从句, 用 that 引导, 在从句里不作成分, 但不能省 (除宾语从句)。 2. 一般疑问句作名词性从句, 只能用 whether 引导 (除宾语从句用if / whether 均可)。 3. 特殊疑问句作名词性从句, 用连接代词 who / whose / whom / what / which / whoever / whomever / whatever / whichever 和连接副词 when / where / why / how / whenever / wherever / however 引出。 4. 从句
3、中用陈述句的词序。 5. 在名词性从句中, “无论谁”、“无论什么”, 只能用whoever / whatever, 但在让步状语从句中, whoever / whatever 和 no matter who / no matter what 均可。,Warm-up exercise:,1. _food is related to illness is not a new discovery. A. What B.That C./ D.If 2.Everything will depend on _they will support you. A.if B.which C.whether D.
4、that 3.Thats _youve been looking so worried these days. A.why B.what C.that D.how 4.An order has come from Berlin _no language but German may be taught in the schools. A./ B.where C.that D.which,本句是主从，从句中不缺任何成分，故选B连接主从复合句。,本句是宾从，介词后不可用 if 故选C连接宾从复合句。,本句是表从。look worried不及物词组，故不选B；句中已有so故how 也不妥；用that
5、 词不达意；所以选A。,本句是同位语从句，是order 的内容, 故选 C。,宾语从句 (动词宾语、介词宾语和形容词宾语从句) 1. He asked what was the matter with me. He said that the text was important and that we should learn it by heart. (第一个that可省, 后面的 that 不能省, 介词宾语从句中that 也不省) 2. Im interested in whether youve finished the work. (介词宾语从句中用 whether, 不能用 if
6、 替代) 在下列情况下, 名词性从句中用 whether, 不用 if： a. 介词宾语从句中 b. 主语、表语和同位语从句中 c. 后面紧跟 or not d. 动词不定式之前 e. discuss后宾语从句 3. Give the ticket to whoever comes first. (whoever 不能用 no matter who 替代) cf: Give the books away to whomever you like. (只有在主句和从句中都作宾语才能用 whomever) They arrived at what ( = _ ) is now the city o
7、f Shanghai.,the place that,All of them agree to accept whoever (they think) is the best at playing football. 4. 可用 it 作形式宾语的动词有： think / consider / find / feel / make it + adj / n + to do / that take it for granted that a. I find it necessary that we (should) practise speaking English every day. b.
8、He took it for granted that his parents wouldnt punish him. 某些动词或短语后须先用 “it”, 然后接宾语从句。此种动词有： like / dislike / hate / appreciate / see to / depend on / rely on 等。 a. I like it in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. b. I hate it when people talk with their mouths full. c. Id appreciate it
9、 very much if you could do me a favour. d. See to it that all the lights are turned off before you leave. e. You may depend on it that they will support you.,注意: think 后宾语从句中否定词 not 和 特殊疑问词前移。 a. I dont think he will come this afternoon. b. What do you think has happened to him? 类似的动词还有: believe / s
10、uppose / expect / guess / imagine 注意: 一些特殊的情况 a. 如主句中主语是 “I”, 反意疑问句必须和宾语从句保持一致： I think he is honest, _? b. It is said that you are going to America, _? doubt 肯定句用 whether / if 引出, 否定和疑问句用 that 引出。 a. I doubt whether he will pass the exam. b. Do you doubt that he will keep his promise?,isnt he,arent
11、 you,1. I remember _ this used to be a quiet village. A. when B. how C. where D. what 2. You cant imagine _ when they received these nice Christmas presents. A. how they were excited B. how excited they were C. how excited were they D. they were excited 3. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _ shares
12、her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 4. Can you make sure _ the gold ring? A. where Alice had put B. where had Alice put C. where Alice has put D. where has Alice put 5. No one can be sure _ in a million years. A. what man will look like B. what will man look like C. man
13、will look like what D. what look will man like 6 Can you tell me _ A. who is that gentleman B. that gentleman is who C. who that gentleman is D. whom is that gentleman 7. They want to know _ do to help us. A. what can they B. what they can C. how they can D. how can they,A,B,C,C,A,C,B,主语从句 作主语的从句称主语
14、从句,一般放在句首,也可用 it 作形式主语。 从句做主语, 谓语动词常用单数。 1. That Mary was late again made the teacher very angry. (that 不能省) 2. Whether he can pass the exam or not depends on how hard he works. (whether不能用 if 替代) 3. Whatever is said here must be kept secret. (whatever不能用 no matter what 替代) cf: Whatever difficulties
15、 you may meet with, dont give up. 4. Whoever breaks the law must be punished. (whoever不能用 no matter who 替代) 5. It remains a question whether they will go abroad for further study. It happened / seemed / appeared / occurred to sb / turned out that It is said / reported / well known / has been proved that It is important / necessary that It is a pity / no wonder / no longer a question that,用it 作形式主语的结构,(1) It is 名词 从句 It is a fact that 事实是 It is an honor that 非常荣幸 It is common knowledge that 是常识 (2) It is 形容词 从句 It is natural that 很自然 It is strange
