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1、1,英詩 中 的 聲 響 The Echoing Sound in English Poetry,董 崇 選 中山醫大應用外語系教授 懂更懂學習英文網站負責人 網址：http:/dgdel.nchu.edu.tw,2,The Four Creative Spaces of Poetry: 詩的 四個 創作空間,1. Sense: 意義 “The paths of glory lead but to the grave.” Gray, “Elegy” “To see a world in a grain of sand And a heaven in a wild flower; Hold in
2、finity in the palm of your hand And eternity in an hour.” Blake, “To See a World.”,3,2. Sound: 聲音,“One equal temper of heroic hearts Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.” Tennyson, “Ulysses”,4,3. Shape: 形狀,l(a le af loneliness fa (a leaf falls
3、) ll s) l-one-l-iness one (a le-af fa-ll-s) l iness e. e. cummings,5,4. Situation: 場合,And on the pedestal these words appear: “My name is Ozymandias, king of kings Look on my works, ye Mighty, and despair!” Nothing beside remains. Round the decay Of that colossal wreck, boundless and bare The lone a
4、nd level sands stretch far away. Shelley, “Ozymandias”,6,II. The Sound Elements in Poetry: 詩的 聲音要素,Rhythm: 節奏 foot (音步) & meter (韻律) iambic, trochaic, anapestic, dactylic, spondaic. (抑揚輕重) monometer, dimeter, trimeter, tetrameter, pentameter, hexameter, heptameter, octometer. (行中音步數),7,Rhythm: foot
5、(音步) & meter (韻律),When I was one-and-twenty I heard a wise man say, “Give crowns and pounds and guineas But not your heart away; Give pearls away and rubies, But keep your fancy free.” But I was one-and-twenty No use to talk to me. Housman, “When .”,8,2. Rhyme(尾韻), Alliteration(頭韻), Assonance(母音韻),
6、Consonance(子音韻):,“It is the blight man was born for, It is Margaret you mourn for.” Hopkins, “Spring and Fall: to a Young Child” “For the moon never beams without bringing me dreams Of the beautiful Annabel Lee, And the stars never rise but I see the bright eyes Of the beautiful Annabel Lee.” Poe, “
7、Annabel Lee”,9,3. Musicality(音樂性): refrain(重出), onomatopoeia(擬聲), euphony(悅音), cacophony(噪音), pause(休止), etc.,“It launched forth filament, filament, filament, out of itself, Ever unreeling them, ever tirelessly speeding them.” Whitman, “A Noiseless Patient Spider” Hark, hark! Bow-wow. The watch-dogs
8、 bark! Bow-wow. Hark, hark! I hear The strain of strutting chanticleer Cry, “Cock-a-doodle-doo!” Shakespeare, “Song”,10,3. Musicality(音樂性): refrain(重出), onomatopoeia(擬聲), euphony(悅音), cacophony(噪音), pause(休止), etc,“I will arise and go now, for always night and day I hear lake water lapping with low
9、sounds by the shore.” Yeats, “The Lake Isle of Innisfree” “A tap at the pane, the quick sharp scratch And blue spurt of a lighted match.” Browning, “Meeting at Night” “He clasps the crag with crooked hands . .And like a thunderbolt, he falls.” Tennyson, “The Eagle”,11,4. Tone(語氣): paronomasia (pun雙關
10、語),etc.,“I have a sin of fear, that when I have spun My last thread, I shall perish on the shore; Swear by Thy self, that at my death Thy Son Shall shine as he shines now and heretofore; And, having done that, Thou hast done; I fear no more. Donne, “Hymn to God the Father”,12,III. From Verse(韻文) to
11、Poetry(詩):,Metrical (有韻律) language is called verse; non-metrical language is prose. Prosody (造韻律) is an essential part of poetry in almost all cultures: based on number of syllables, syllabic length, heavier or lighter pulses, even or non-even tones, etc.,13,From Verse to Poetry:,“Poetry, therefore,
12、 we will call musical thought.” (Carlyle) “.speech framed . to be heard for its own sake and interest even over and above its interest of meaning.” (Hopkins) “The most artful and economic arrangement of words to express true feelings or thoughts.” (Tung),14,From Verse to Poetry:,Thirty days hath Sep
13、tember, April, June, and November; All the rest have thirty-one, Excepting February alone, And that has twenty-eight days clear And twenty-nine in each leap year. Anonymous,15,From Verse to Poetry:,Tis not enough no harshness gives offence, The sound must seem an echo to the sense: Soft is the strai
14、n when Zephyr gently blows, And the smooth stream in smoother numbers flows; But when loud surges lash the sounding shore, The hoarse, rough verse should like the torrent roar; When Ajax strives some rocks vast weight to throw, The line too labors, and the words move slow. Pope, “Essay on Criticism”
15、,16,IV. Some Poems with Echoing Sounds:,No motion has she now, no force: She neither hears nor sees; Rolled round in earths diurnal course, With rocks, and stones, and trees. Wordsworth, “A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal”,17,O wild West Wind, thou breath of Autumns being, Thou, from whose unseen presenc
16、e the leaves dead Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing, Yellow, and black, and pale, and hectic red, Pestilence-stricken multitudes: O thou, Who chariotest to their dark wintry bed The winged seeds, where they lie cold and low, Each like a corpse within its grave, until Thine azure sister of the Spring shall blow Her clarion oer the dreaming earth, and fill (Driving sweet buds like flocks to feed in air) With living hues
