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1、英语句子的基本结构,主语+谓语,1. be + 表语,2. vt. + 宾语,3. vi. + / + 介词+ 宾语,+ 状语,定语从句,一、定语从句的分类,限制性定语从句：从句对主句起限制作用，从句必不可少。 e.g. He is the man that I am looking for. 2. 非限制性定语从句：从句对主句进行补充，用逗号隔开。 e.g. This is the farm, where he used to live.,二、定语从句的重要组成成分,先行词：定语从句所修饰的词。一般由名词或代词构成。“的”. (走在定语从句前面的词。) 2. 连接词：连接定语从句与主句。 e
2、.g. He is the man that I am looking for. 先行词 定语从句,三、连接词（关系词）的作用,连接：即连接主句与从句。 替代：连接词替代先行词，即从句中不再出现先行词。 作成分：连接词在从句中充当成分，即先行词所作的成分由连接词替代。 e.g. He is the man that I am looking for. 宾语,四、连接词（关系词）的分类,关系代词：主语、宾语、表语、 定语。that/which/ who/whom/whose/as 关系副词： 状语 when/ where/ why,关系词,五、限制性定语从句中,注意： 1. 主语、宾语、表语、定
3、语，指的是从句中所缺的成分； 2. 非限制性定语从句中，将上表的that去掉。而且，作宾语不能省略。 3. whose +n. = the +n. +of which whose name = the name of whom,练习： 1. Do you know the man _ name is Tom? 2. He is not the man _ he was before. 3. This is the farm _ we visited yesterday. 4. He is the student _ the teacher likes the best. 5. This is
4、the farm, _ we visited yesterday.,六、定语从句中只能用that，不用which的情况,先行词是不定代词（all, something, few, little, anything, few, little, much）。 当先行词被序数词或最高级修饰时。 当先行词既有人又有物时。 当句中已经有who/which时。 当先行词被the only,the very(恰好，恰巧)，the same,the last修饰时。,七、定语从句中只用which，不用that的情况,非限制性定语从句中，只能用which。 介词提前的时候（介词后面，表物只能用which，表人只
5、能用whom） e.g. He is the student of whom the teacher is proud.,关系副词的用法,在从句中作状语(关键是分析句子成分！) 表时间when， 表地点where, 表原因why e.g. I cant forget the day when I reached here. This is the farm where we worked before.,区别关系代词与关系副词,关键是分析定语从句中所缺的成分！ I will never forget the days that we spent together. I will never f
6、orget the days when we met each other.,介词+which,关系副词可以用“介词+which”替换。根据从句中动词的搭配，来选择介词。 e.g. This is the farm where I worked before. (I worked in the farm.) This is the farm in which I worked before. 2. 介词+which 表人；介词+whom表物,特殊用法,the same as ; such as e.g. He is such a great teacher as all the student
7、s like. 2. what = the thing(person) that e.g. 我不喜欢你说的那个人。 I dont like what you talked about. I dont like the person that you talked about.,3.在定语从句中： which/as可以指代整个句子（整件事情）。 which 引导的从句，用于主句后。 as 引导的从句，可置于主句前、后。 as is known to us, 正如我们所知的一样 e.g. The earth is round, as is known to us.,4. where 经常用于表示抽象的地点。 e.g. Things have reached to a point where the police were called . (where 表示抽象的地点),what的用法,What= 先行词+连接词 即, what = the thing that(物) = the man that(人) e.g. 他就是我要找的人. He is the man that I am looking for. He is what I am looking for.,做定语从句练习题的步骤：,先找先行词，确定先行词是人还是物。 再找定语从句。 分析定语从句中所缺的成分。,
