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1、UK Education,Empowerment v Control,Questions,What is education really for? What are the controversies* in British education? What is it like to study at a British school or university? In what ways is it similar or different to China?,* 辩论,Classical, Social or Utilitarian*?,Different (perhaps confli
2、cting) aims in all education systems: Maintaining high educational standards and promoting morality and national unity Creating a more equal society by making education free and allowing freedom of expression and creativity Promoting national prosperity* and preparing people for their future careers
3、,We dont need no education. All in all, its just another brick in the wall,Video: Pink Floyd Another Brick in the Wall,Revolt against traditional education (1960s/70s):,Educating Our Masters Viscount Sherbrooke (1867),* 繁荣,* 实利主义,State Education,Ending elitism;* bringing education to the working cla
4、sses: 1870 - Education Act 1880 - Compulsory (5-10 yrs) 1891 - Free Education Act 1947 - Compulsory to 15 yrs (16 in 1972) 1960s - Comprehensive schooling (i.e. entrance exams abolished),Equality v Excellence (Is it possible to have equality and excellence?) Recent governments have tried to: make st
5、ate schools more independent from local government control encourage private management of state schools bring private schools standards of excellence to state schools Results: some evidence of improvement but hard to prove.,* 精英主义,Education, Class & Politics,Less elitist than before, but.,Education
6、al Background of Members of Parliament: Less than 10% of the total UK population go to private secondary school, but a significant proportion of politicians (especially Conservatives) have had a private education,http:/ System (Eng., Wales & N.I.) GCSE (at 16 years old) (7-8 subjects) A level (at 18
7、 years old) (3 subjects),Scotland: standard grades (7-8 subjects) Scotland: Highers (5 subjects) Is Englands system too specialised?,Qualifications* can be used to get jobs at either 16 or 18 years old, or apply to university Universities have no entrance exams (applications based on A level exam re
8、sults).,* 资格,Grades better or easier?,Students are getting higher grades (2005): A - 23.8%, B - 23.3%, C - 17.2%, D - 9.1% The most popular subjects: English (11%), General Studies (7.6%), Biology (6.9%), Mathematics (6.7%), Psychology (6.4%). Languages and sciences have declined* compared to other
9、subjects such as psychology and media studies. Is this the result of better teaching or easier exams?,* 衰退,Chinese in the UK comment.,Lack of respect: A teacher: “Some of the kids were very badly behaved, very naughty* one school was a disaster.every lesson was a painful experience” (in Philo 2010,
10、p98). A lack of closeness: “Chinese teachers described how in China they would regularly attend meetings and get together with past pupils and how teachers would keep in contact and chat on MSN with students they had taught” (ibid.). Guanxi 关系: A lecturer in a Chinese provincial university: “It is v
11、ery common for students to visit lecturers to give them song li a present. Lecturers often.say this student must pass and this one because they have complicated relationship with the family.” (ibid. p102).,Philo (2010), Cultural Encounters between China and Britain: Key Factors in the Formation and
12、Transfer of Ideas and Values. Westminster Papers in Communication and Culture Vol. 7 (1), pp. 96-98.,* 调皮,University: Ancient, Red Brick* & New,Ancient: Oxbridge + 4 Scottish Universities Red Brick: 19th C city universities New: Post-1960s universities Only one private university Expansion from 10%
13、in 1980s to 40%+ attending college now Fees: none before 1998. Limited fees (with loans) introduced, 1998, in England. Higher fees (with loans) from 2012, in England.,* 红砖大学,Learning,Lectures, seminars,* & tutorials* Lectures, etc: 15 hrs/wk (average) for 30 wks/yr (approx.). Essays (no mid-term exa
14、ms),* 辅导课,* 研讨会,Chinese students in the UK.,“When I study in China, I have a textbook. The teacher gives lessons according to this textbook. In classes we listen to the teacher carefully and then we take notes and recite* what the teacher taught us and we pass the exam” (in Philo 2010, p96). “.but i
15、n Britain we have to write essays, do projects and presentations” (ibid.). “In Britain, every point should be proved. The British academic attitude respects data in China they use their position as experts to speak and people will think they are right, but without having offered any proof” (ibid. p9
16、7) “Here, nobody seriously checks your attendance and total lecture time is ridiculously* short. Learning consists of what you are willing to learnEnglish young people.dont seem to care a whole lot about learning. How they partied and got drunk. There is hardly ever anyone in the library at night” (in Chen 2011, p27).,Chen (2011), Letter from England. Eaglish Vol. 17,
