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1、,递进： whats more, in addition, besides, furthermore, moreover, additionally, and, also, too “The price is too high, and moreover, the house isnt in a suitable position.“ 房价太高，而且房屋的地点也不太合适。 I dont like skating. Besides, the ice is too thin. 我不喜欢滑冰，而且冰又太薄。,因果： because, therefore, so, since, hence, thus
2、, accordingly, consequently, as a consequence，in consequence, as a result He had been ill for a long time. consequently he was behind in his work. 他病了很久，因此耽误了功课。 He didnt work hard, as a result he failed his exam. 他不用功，结果考试不及格。 He didnt work hard. As a result he failed his exam,总结: on the whole, in
3、conclusion, in a word, to sum up, in brief, in summary, to conclude, to summarize, in short. In conclusion, we should like to thank all those who have worked so hard to bring about this result. 最后，我们要对为取得这项成果而辛勤工作的所有的人表示感谢。 In conclusion, Id like to say how much Ive enjoyed staying here. 最后我想要说我在这里过
4、得有多愉快。,解释： in other words, in fact, as a matter of fact, that is, namely. His wife is my daughter, in other words, I am his mother-in-law. 他妻子是我女儿，换句话讲，我是他的岳母。 We have a lot of work to do. In other words, none of us can go to the movie. 换句话说，我们都不能去看电影。,举例： for example, for instance, a good case in p
5、oint is, such as Many great men have risen from poverty-Lincoln, for example. 许多伟人从贫困中崛起，例如林肯。 You can buy fruit here - oranges and bananas, for instance. 你可以在这里买水果，例如买柑橘和香蕉。,for example 作“例如”讲，一般指拿同类人或事物中的“一个”为例，作插入语，用逗号隔开，可置于句首、句中或句末。例如： Noise，for example，is a kind of pollution 例如，噪音也是一种污染。 He，for
6、 example， is a good teacher 例如，他是位好老师。 such as 也作“例如”讲，用来列举同类人或事物中的几个例子。注意：使用such as来举例子，只能举出其中的一部分，一般不能全部举出。若全部举出，要改用 namely。例如： He knows four languages，namely Chinese，English，Russian and French 他精通四门语言，即汉语、英语、俄语和法语。 Some of the European languages come from Latin，such as French，Italian and Spanish
7、有一些欧洲语言来自拉丁语，例如法语，意大利语和西班牙语。,表示“类比”： likewise, similarly, in a like manner His parents like traveling. Similarly, he likes it, too.,强调： Indeed, of course, certainly, undoubtedly（毋庸置疑地） , in any case(无论如何, 不管怎样) , above all (首要的是; 最重要的是) , obviously, clearly. Undoubtedly， he did it. 无疑地是他做了那件事。 Undou
8、btedly， that is true. 那是千真万确的。,让步,although、though、despite the fact that.+句子 in spite of/despite .+名词、名词短语 Although this view is wildly held， there is little evidence that education can be obtained at any age and at any place. 尽管这一观点被广泛接受，很少有证据表明教育能够在任何地点、任何年龄进行,对比： by contrast, on the contrary, whil
9、e, on the other hand, instead, whereas, in contrast. Im not sick; on the contrary, Im in the peak of health. 我没有病；恰恰相反，我健康极了,（原因）列举： 1）first, second, third, last but not least 2）firstly, secondly, thirdly, finally 3）in the first place, in the second place, in the third place, lastly 4）to begin with,
10、 then, furthermore, finally（强烈推荐） 5）to start with, next, in addition, finally（强烈推荐） 6）first and foremost, besides, last but not least（强烈推荐） 7）most important of all, moreover, finally,8）on one hand, on the other hand（适用于两点的情况：一方面，另一方面） 9）for one thing, for another thing（适用于两点的情况：一方面，另一方面） on one hand
11、 she is not in good health, but on the other hand she doesnt like sports 一方面她身体不好，另一方面她不喜欢运动。 On one hand I have to work; on the other hand I have many visitors to see. 一方面我必须工作；另一方面我有许多来宾要照看。 We have good reasons to believe that he will succeed one day. For one thing, he is very clever; for another, he is very diligent. 我们完全有理由相信他将来会成功。一方面他很聪明，另一方面他很勤奋。,
