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1、 陕西省榆林育才中学高中英语 Unit 3 Under the sea 语法导学案 新人教版选修7一 学习目标：1 掌握v-ing 的被动形式，并会熟练运用(重点)2 能正确说出v-ing在句中所做的成分。二 学习内容：v-ing 的被动形式V-ing 形式由 “doing” 构成，其否定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成 V-ing 短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。语态时态主动语态被动语态一般式(not)doing(not)being done完成式(not)having done(not)having been done自主学习现在分词的用法
2、 一、现在分词可在句中作定语、表语、补足语和状语。1.作定语 现在分词作定语时多置于它所修饰的名词前:Thisisapressingquestion. 这是一个紧迫的问题。Heaskedanembarrassingquestion. 他提了一个令人难堪的问题。现在分词亦可置于它所修饰的名词之后:Therewerenosoldiersdrilling.现在分词短语一般皆置于其修饰的名词之后:Alittlechildlearningtowalkoftenfalls.Themenworkinghereareallfromtheruralareas.2.现在分词用作状语 现在分词及其短语从表意的角度看
3、,也可用作状语,表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。其动作可能发生在谓语动词之前或之后,也可能与谓语动的动作同时发生。(句子的主语就是分词的逻辑主语)(1)表示时间Climbingtothetopofthetower,wesawamagnificentview.Walking along the street, she saw a little girl running up to her.强调与谓语动词的动作同时发生时,现在分词之前可用连词when或while:Whenleavingtheairport,theywavedagainandagaintous.While wat
4、ching TV in the room, I heard someone knocking at the door.(2)表示原因Beingsick,Istayedathome.Knowing that he was tired, I told him to have a rest.(3)表示条件Adoptingthismethod,wewillraisetheaverageyieldby40percent.Turningtotheright,youwillfindapathleadingtohiscottage.(4)表示让步Admittingwhatshehassaid,Istillth
5、inkthatshehasnttriedherbest.(5)表示结果Itrainedheavily,causingseverefloodinginthatcountry. Itrainedfortwoweeksonend,completelyruiningourholiday.(6)表示方式或伴随情况Heranuptoherbreathingheavily.Pleasefillintheform,givingyourname,address,etc.现在分词的完成形式：现在分词的完成形式主要用在状语中，表示动作在谓语动作之前Having been there many times, he o
6、ffered to be our guide.Not having done the work well, we decided to try again.注：在独立结构中，也可以用现在分词的完成形式，如：His comrades having all left for the front, he didnt want to stay in the rear.二、现在分词的被动形式1 动词-ing的被动式的构成(1)一般被动式：being+过去分词 (2)完成被动式：having been+过去分词2动词-ing的被动式的用法(1)动词-ing的一般被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系；作主语和宾
7、语时无固定的时态意义，作定语和补足语时表示正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。(2)动词-ing的完成被动式表示与其逻辑主语为被动关系，也表示其动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。3动词 -ing的被动式的句法功能(1) 作主语 Being offered such a job was good luck被给予这样一份工作是好运气。 Being killed in traffic accidents is a common occurrence交通事故导致死亡是常有的事。(2)作宾语He dislikes being interrupted in his experiment他不喜欢在做实验时被人打
8、扰。They couldnt stand being treated like that他们不能忍受别人那样对待他们。注意：在want，need，deserve，require，repay，bear，take等动词及形容词worth后，习惯用动词-ing的主动形式表示被动意义，相当于“to be done。如：The house wants cleaning这房屋需要打扫。My watch needs repairing我的手表需要修理。The way deserves mentioning这个方法值得一提。These young trees will require looking afte
9、r carefully这些小树需要细心照顾。The film is worth seeing这部影片值得一看。(3) 作定语The questions being discussed are of great importanceThat building being repaired is our library.(4) 作宾语补足语 I often watch the trucks being loaded with coal I saw him being taken away by the police (5)作状语 Having been warned about typhoon，t
10、he fishermen sailed for the nearest harbour听到台风警报，渔民们便驾船向最近的港口驶去。Having been given such a good chance，how could you let it slip away?人家给了你这样一个好机会，你怎能轻易放过?三、独立结构在用分词短语作状语时, 它逻辑上的主语一般必须与句子的主语一致, 但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语, 这种结构称为: 独立结构。独立结构可以表示伴随动作或情况, 表示时间、原因、条件等, 例如： He rushed into the room, his face cover
11、ed with sweat. (伴随情况) The shower being over, we continued to march. (时间) So many students being absent, we decided to put the meeting off. (原因) Weather permitting, well have an outing tomorrow. (条件)随堂练习1_ that it was going to snow，theclimbers decided to put off their attempt on the highest mountain
12、AHaving told BHaving been told CTo be told DTo have told2I heard the terrible sound of _last night Athe doors shutting Bthe door being shutting Cthe door was being shut Dthe door being shut3The building _now will be a hospital Abe built Bto be built Cbeing built Dbeing building4_ for months，the room
13、 is very dirty AWe havent clean it BHaving not cleaned CNot having been cleaned DHaving not been cleaned5-Did you enjoy yourself last night? -Its very nice of youI appreciated_ to the party Ato be invited Bto have been invited Cbeing invited Dhaving been invited6_not very popular with all its member
14、s，he wasnt appointed chairman of the committee ATo be considered BBeing considered C. Considering DHaving considered7. The building_ will be completed in a monthIt will be our lab building Abeing painted Bpainting Cto have painted Dto paint8The old man needs_. Alook after Bto look after C1ooking after Dbeing looked after9. I dont likeat in the public A1aughing Bbeing laughed C1aughed D. to laugh10The problem is worth_ .
