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1、Unit One,Fresh Start,Questions,Do you remember your first days at college? Did anything special happen then? What is/are the difference(s) between high school and college lives?,Cultural Notes The Ivy League,Cultural Notes The Ivy League 1/4,An athletic conference comprising eight private institutio
2、ns of higher education in the Northeastern United States. The conference name is also commonly used to refer to those eight schools as a group.2 The eight institutions are Brown University(Providence, Rhode Island), Columbia University(NYC), Cornell University (Ithaca, NY, Dartmouth College (Hanover
3、, New Hampshire), Harvard University (Cambridge, MA), Princeton University (Princeton, New Jersey), the University of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia), and Yale University (New Haven, Connecticut). The term Ivy League also has connotations of academic excellence, selectivity in admissions, and social eli
4、tism.,Cultural Notes The Ivy League 2/4,The term became official, especially in sports terminology, after the formation of the NCAA Division I (the highest level of National Collegiate Athletic Association) athletic conference in 1954,3 when much of the nation polarized around favorite college teams
5、. The use of the phrase is no longer limited to athletics, and now represents an educational philosophy inherent to the nations oldest schools.4 In addition, Ivy League schools are often viewed by the public as some of the most prestigious universities worldwide and are often ranked amongst the best
6、 universities in the United States and worldwide.5,Cultural Notes The Ivy League 3/4,Undergraduate enrollments among the Ivy League schools range from about 4,000 to 14,000,7 making them larger than those of a typical private liberal arts college (文科院校) and smaller than a typical public state univer
7、sity. Overall enrollments range from approximately 5,900 in the case of Dartmouth to over 20,000 in the case of Columbia, Cornell, Harvard, and Penn. Ivy League university financial endowments range from Browns $2.2 billion to Harvards $27.4 billion, the largest financial endowment of any academic i
8、nstitution in the world.,Cultural Notes The Ivy League 4/4,All of the Ivy Leagues institutions place within the top 15 of the U.S. News the exception is Cornell, which was founded in 1865. Ivy League institutions, therefore, account for seven of the nine Colonial Colleges chartered before the Americ
9、an Revolution. The Ivies are all in the Northeast geographic region of the United States. All eight schools receive millions of dollars in research grants and other subsidies from federal and state government.,Cultural Notes College football,Cultural Notes College football,American football played b
10、y teams of student athletes fielded by American universities, colleges, and military academies, or Canadian football played by teams of student athletes fielded by Canadian universities. It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in Canada and the Unite
11、d States.,Cultural Notes Cafeteria,Cultural Notes Cafeteria 1/3,A cafeteria is a type of food service location in which there is little or no waiting staff table service, whether a restaurant or within an institution such as a large office building or school; a school dining location is also referre
12、d to as a dining hall or canteen (in UK English). Cafeterias are different from coffeehouses, although that is the Spanish meaning of the English word.,Cultural Notes Cafeteria 2/3,Instead of table service, there are food-serving counters/stalls, either in a line or allowing arbitrary walking paths.
13、 Customers take the food they require as they walk along, placing it on a tray. In addition, there are often stations where customers order food and wait while it is prepared, particularly for items such as hamburgers or tacos which must be served hot and can be quickly prepared. Alternatively, the
14、patron is given a number and the item is brought to their table. Sometimes, for some food items and drinks, customers collect an empty container, pay at the check-out, and fill the container after the check-out. Free second servings are often allowed under this system. For legal purposes (and the co
15、nsumption patterns of customers), this system is rarely or never used for alcoholic beverages in the USA.,Cultural Notes Cafeteria 3/3,Customers are either charged a flat rate for admission (as in a buffet), or pay at the check-out for each item. Some self-service cafeterias charge by the weight of
16、items on a patrons plate. As cafeterias require few employees, they are often found within a larger institution, catering to the clientele of that institution. For example, schools, colleges and their residence halls, department stores, hospitals, museums, military bases, prisons, and office buildings often have cafeterias.,Cultural Notes Salad bar,Cultural Notes Salad bar,A salad bar is a buffet-style table or counter at a restaurant on which salad components are provided for
