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1、情态动词 情态动词有一定的意义，但没有人称和数的变化，不能独立使用，它和后面的动词构成谓语 只作情态动词的 can/could, may/might, ought to， must 可情态可实义的 need, dare/dared 可情态可助动词的 shall/should, will/would 相当于情态动词的 have to, used to,1. can,cant 不能，不可能 It cant be true.,could 表示委婉语气 Could you help me ?,1.表示能力 The parrot can speak three languages. 2.表示允许 Can
2、 I borrow the book from the library. 3.有时会 Shanghai can be very cold in March.,2.can 与 be able to,can 表示能力，be able to表示经过努力而做成了 某事，相当于manage to do/succeed in doing。有更多的时态，但不能与could连用。必须人作主语。 I can swim. She is able to win the first prize.,1.在否定、疑问句中表示 对过去的可能性猜测 2. 在肯定句中表 “本可以做而未做”,“cant have done” 表
3、示对过去事情的否定推测，译成“不可能做过某事”。 Mr. Smith cant have gone to Beijing, for I saw him in the library just now. Mary cant have stolen your money. She has gone home. “could have done ”表示某事过去本有可能发生,但事实上并未发生，译成“本可以做而未做” You could have helped me!,I cant find my wallet. It might have lost on my way to school.,1. mu
4、st,1.表示必须、应该 You must finish your homework before you go to bed. 2.偏偏、偏要、硬要、非要（表示与说话人愿望相反或不耐烦） Must you be so rude to your mother? 3.表示肯定的猜测,但只用于肯定句， You must be Lucy. 4.而mustnt 表示“禁止、不准许、不可以” You mustnt play with knife, or youll hurt yourself.,2. must 、have to,1.Must表示主观 You must finish your homewo
5、rk in time. 2.Have to表示客观需求 I have to go now. 3.dont have to表示没有必要=neednt没必要 We dont have to finish it today.,3. must + have +p.p 对过去事情的肯定猜测。“一定是” The ground is wet. It must have rained last night. He must have known what we wanted. must do对现在事情的推测 “一定是” You must be Mr. Smith-I was told to expect yo
6、u here.,ought to应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用should,We should/ought to help each other and learn from each other in our work She is your mother, so you ought to support her. We ought to go and see Mary tomorrow, but I dont think we will,1.第一、三人称疑问句中表示“请求或征求对方意见 Shall we go to the zoo tomorrow. 2.第二、三人称陈述句中 You sh
7、all have the book after I read it.,shall,1、表示允诺“会（得到）。 I promise that you shall receive all the money that is owed to you. 2、表示命令、警告、威胁、决心 。 He shall be punished if he disobeys. 3、在法律、条约、协定的文件中 表示“义务、规定” Intruders shall be punished. 非法闯入者将遭处罚。,1.（表惊讶、遗憾）竟然、居然 2.（与疑问词why, who, how等连用，表示意外、纳闷、惊讶等）究竟、到
8、底 3.（用于问句，表示询问、征求同意）可以、应该 Should I turn on the light?,Should,Will 1、表示意愿、决心或愿望 Will you meet him right now ,sir? 2、表示请求(用于第二人称) Will you please pass me the cup? 3、（表示现在的习惯性、倾向性、必 然性）惯于、老是、总是 Boys will be boys Tomorrow will be Sunday. Will /Would you do? (表请求would 更委婉)表意志， 愿望，决心Would you like to have
9、 some tea?,need作情态动词，多用于否定句和疑问句。 need没有过去式 用作情态动词 -Need I come? /Do I need to come? -Yes, you must. You neednt telephone him now. 你现在不必打电话给他。 用作实义动词 You dont need to do it yourself. 你不必亲自做这件事。 The table needs painting (to be painted.). 桌子需要油漆一下。,Nobody need to be afraid of catching the disease. Nobo
10、dy need be afraid of catching the disease.,These dishes need be cleaned carefully. These dishes need to be cleaned carefully. These dishes need cleaning carefully.,dare作情态动词，多用于否定句、疑问句和条件句。dare 有过去式dared 用作情态动词 She dare not go out alone at night. Dare he cross the river?-No, he darent 用作实义动词 We shou
11、ld dare to give our own opinion. I dare say hell come again. 我想他会再来的。 （I dare say为固定习语“译为我想、大概”）,判断正误:,How dare you say such a thing? How dare you to say such a thing?,He darent to speak English before such a crowd, did he? He darent speak English before such a crowd, dare he?,情态动词在一般疑问句中的回答： Can yo
12、u sing? May I come in? Must I hand in the book now? Need I finish it now?,情态动词表推测,may /might 语气最不肯定，用于肯、否定句“可能” can 语气肯定，用于感叹，否，疑问句，一般 不用肯定句“可能” could 较can不确定，也可用于肯定句“可能” must 语气最肯定，只用于肯定句“一定” should 表可能性、推论、推测、期待等“按理该、 估计”,情态动词表责备,may/might have done（语气委婉）过去 本可能做而未做 can/could have done（语气委婉）过去本可能做而未做 should have done ought to have done（语气强烈）过去本应该做而未做 shouldnt have done ought not to have done 表示过去本不应该做而做了 neednt have done（无责备之意）过去 本不必做却做了 would have done 用在虚拟语气中 表示与过去事实相反之假设的结果，常与if 的条件句连用。,
