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1、Lesson 2 Mechanization and Automation 机械化和自动化,Section I Words and Phrases Section II Text and Translation Section III Exercises and Answers,词,英,汉,练,End,Next,答,Section I Words and Phrases,mechanization ,meknaizein n.机械化 例句：We are speeding up the mechanization of our agriculture. 我们正在加快农业机械化的步伐。 autom
2、ation ,:tmein n.自动化 in as much as 因为，由于，鉴于，既然 例句：In as much as the debtor has no property , I abandoned the claim. 因为债务人无财产,我放弃了债务。 debtor det n. 借方，债务人,Topic,Above,Next,End,They bought in as much food as would last the winter. 他们买进了足以维持一个冬天的食品。 discrimination dis krimi nein n.辨别，鉴别，识别，歧视 例句:He spok
3、e out against racial discrimination. 他声言反对种族歧视。 These robots are capable of shape discrimination. 这些机器人能辨别形状。,feedback fi:dbk n.反馈,回馈 negative feedback 负反馈 deviation 7di:vi:5ein n.偏差，偏移,背离 例句：Any deviation from the partys faith is seen as betrayal. 任何对党的信仰的偏离被视作背叛。 betrayal bitreil n. 1. 背叛;密告;泄密2.
4、引诱 spinning 5spini adj.旋转的 n.纺线，纺纱 例句：Spinning is one of my hobbies.我很喜欢纺纱。 单词来源：spin spin vt. & vi 使旋转，杜撰，纺线，纺纱,Topic,Above,Next,End,pneumatic nju:5mtik adj.空气的，气动的 例句：This pneumatic tool will double the speed of assembly. 这个气动工具可以把装配速度提高一倍。 Knowledge of hydraulic, pneumatic and electronic fixture
5、applications. 具备运用液压、气动和电子器具的知识。 pneumatic cylinder 气缸 pneumatic actuator 气动执行元件,Section I Words and Phrases,hydraulic haidr:lik adj.液压的 例句：Hydraulic jacks under the machine produce the movement. 是机器下面的液压千斤顶造成的移动。 hydraulic engineering 水利工程 hydraulic drive 液压传动hydraulic transmission system 液压传动系统 re
6、markable ri5m:kbladj.显著的，非凡的，值得注意的 remarkable achievements 卓越的成就 例句： Remarkable quality has good prestige . 卓越的品质便有良好的信誉。 prestige presti: n.名望,声望,威望 ;,Topic,Above,Next,End,displace 5dis5pleis vt.移置，取代，转移 过去式:displaced 过去分词:displaced 现在分词:displacing 例句：He was displaced by another young man. 他已被另一个年轻
7、人顶替。 The war has displaced thousands of people. 战争使成千上万的人背井离乡。 exceptional iksepnl adj.例外的;异常的;特殊的;优秀的;卓越的,Section I Words and Phrases,old-fashioned uld fnd adj.老式的，旧的 例句：An old-fashioned, fussy person. 老古板思想过时、吹毛求疵的人 fussy fsi adj.大惊小怪的;难以取悦的;挑剔的 His values seem old-fashioned. 他的价值观念似乎陈旧了。 immense
8、i mens adj.极大的，巨大的 例句：They made an immense improvement in English. 在英语方面他们取得了巨大的进步。 The expense of living is immense.生活费用很庞大。,Topic,Above,Next,End,centrifugal sentrifjugl adj.离心的 centrifugal force 离心力 centrifugal governor离心式调速器 shaft :ft n. C轴；矿井;竖井 valve vlv n. n. c1. 阀,活门 2. 真空管，电子管 innumerable in
9、ju:mrbl adj.无数的;数不清的 mass-produced大(批)量生产的,Section II Text,Processes of mechanization have been developing and becoming more complex ever since the beginning of the Industrial Revolution at the end of the 18th century.（自从18世纪末工业革命开始，工业机械化进程一直在不断地发展，并且变得越来越复杂。） The current developments of automatic p
10、rocesses are, however, different from the old ones.（但目前的工业自动化过程较以前的工业自动化过程有很大的不同）,Topic,Above,Next,汉,End,The “automation” of the 20th century is distinct from the mechanization of the 18th and 19th centuries in as much as mechanization was applied to individual operations, whereas “automation” is co
11、ncerned with the operation and control of a complete producing unit.（ 20世纪的工业自动化之所以有别于18、19世纪的机械化，是因为机械化仅应用于操纵(执行）机构，而自动化则涉及整个生产单元的执行和控制两个（核心）部分。 ）,And in many, though not all, instances the element of control is so great that mechanization displaces muscle, “automation” displaces brain as well.（尽管不
12、是所有的情况，但在大多数情况下，控制元件依然发挥着强大的力量，机械化已经代替了手工劳动，而自动化代替了脑力劳动。 ）,The distinction between the mechanization of the past and what is happening now is, however, not a sharp one. At one extreme we have the electronic computer with its quite remarkable capacity for discrimination and control, while at the othe
13、r end of the scale are “transfer machines”, as they are now called, which may be as simple as a convey or belt to another.（机械化程度的发展在过去和现在的区别不是很明显，而在一端是具有强大辨别和控制功能的电子计算机，另一端是我们目前所说的“转换机构”正如传输带一样与其他设备简单地连接起来。 ）,An automatic mechanism is one which has a capacity for self-regulate; that is, it can regul
14、ate or control the system or process without the need for constant human attention or adjustment. （自动调整机构能够自动调节系统，也就是说，它能在没有人干预和调整的情况下，自动对系统或生产过程进行控制和调节。 ）,Now people often talk about “feedback” as being an essential factor of the new industrial techniques, upon which is based an automatic self-regu
15、lating system and by virtue of which any deviation in the system from desired conditions can be detected, measured , reported and corrected. （现代工业技术的核心因素就是当前人们经常提起的反馈（控制），它是以自动调节系统为基础，借助于系统参考值与期望值之间的偏差来控制，可由自动检测、测量、显示和校正方法得到）,Topic,Above,Next,汉,End,When “feedback” is applied to the process by which
16、a large digital computer runs at the immense speed through a long series of sums, constantly rejecting the answers until it finds one to fit a complex set of facts that have been put to it, it is perhaps different in degree from what we have previously been accustomed to machines. (反馈控制应用于高速运转的大型数字计算机进行复杂运算时，对于输入的复杂问题，计算机通常会一直运行，直到求出与问题匹配的结果。这或许与我们以前熟知的机器有很大的差别。),But “feedback”, as
