《自考论文、写作第课时：句型变换》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《自考论文、写作第课时：句型变换（103页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、,句型、转换 、改错 Sentence Patterns,第三讲,考核重点 句型类别判定 句型相互转变 改错,The Sentences I. Complete Sentences and Sentence Fragments II. Types of Sentences,I. Complete Sentences and Sentence Fragments Eg: (1) It was raining hard，they could not work in the fields. Improved: It was raining hard; they could not work in t
2、he fields. It was raining hard. They could not work in the fields., It was raining so hard that they could not work in the fields. They could not work in the fields because it was raining hard. It was raining hard, so they could not work in the fields. As it was raining hard, they could not work in
3、the fields.,I was born in a small town, in the town there was only one school, I studied there for six years. Improved: I was born in a small town. In it there was only one school. I studied there for six years. In the small town where I was born, there was only one school, and I studied there for s
4、ix years., I was born in the small town, where there was only one school. I studied there for six years. I studied for six years at the only school in the small town where I was born.,(3) The essay is poorly organized, there is no central idea. Improved: The essay is poorly organized: there is no ce
5、ntral idea. The essay is poorly organized; there is no central idea.,(4) There were people who would be glad to see him leave the place, he knew it. Improved: There were people who would be glad to see him leave the place, and he knew it. There were people who would be glad to see him leave the plac
6、e - and he knew it.,(5) The principal of the school may do something to reduce the pupils homework load, he may, for example, stop assigning homework for Saturday and Sunday. Improved: The principal of the school may do something to reduce the pupils homework load - he may, for example, stop assigni
7、ng homework for Saturday and Sunday.,II. Types of Sentences 1. The Simple Sentence 简单句 只有 一个 主谓结构 的句子。,Eg: Your uncle married my aunt. He is rich. She is poor.（simple sentence） Your rich uncle married my poor aunt. 解析 这题要求把3个简单句合成一个简单句。我们可以把后面两个简单句的主谓去掉，只留下rich 和poor 这两个形容词，分别修饰your uncle 和my aunt.,
8、2. The Compound Sentence 并列句 有两个和两个以上的简单句组合而成， 通常由逗号加上并列连词 （and, but, for, or, nor, so, yet, neithernor, not onlybut also, eitheror）连接。,Eg: I like roller-skating. I like ice-skating better.（compound sentence） I like roller-skating, but I like ice-skating better. 解析 本题要求把此句改为并列句。并列句是由两个或多个简单句构成，它往往由逗
9、号加一个连接词（and, but, for, nor, or, so, yet）构成。, Jerry is smart. He should be able to handle eighteen credits this semester.（compound sentence） Jerry is smart, so he should be able to handle eighteen credits this semester. 解析 本题要求把两个简单句改成一个并列句。从句子意思来看，Jerry很聪明，所以这学期他能得18学分。,3. The Complex Sentence 复合句 一
10、个简单句加上由从属连词连接的另一个句子。从属连词就是指除并列连词之外的连词。,Eg: Mary put the steak on the grill. The charcoal was burning evenly.（complex sentence） The charcoal was burning evenly, because Mary put the steak on the grill. 解析 本题要求把两个简单句合成一个复合句。从句意来看，是因为玛丽把牛排放在烤架上。炭火才燃烧得很匀。考生很可能把the charcoal was burning evenly改成 after(whe
11、n) the charcoal was burning evenly这样的时间状语，这里的问题是时态不对，用过去进行时不合适，因此也是不对的。,。, His valuable papers were destroyed in the fire. Tom called the insurance company.（complex sentence） Tom called the insurance company, because his valuable papers were destroyed in the fire. 解析 本题要求把两个简单句改为一个复合句。从句意上来看，这两个简单句存
12、在因果关系。我们可以把His valuable papers were destroyed in the fire, 改成 原因状语从句Because (As) his valuable papers were destroyed in the fire, Tom,4. The Compound- Complex sentence 并列复合句 一个或一个以上的简单句加上一个或一个以上的复合句。,Eg: I returned to school following a long illness. The math teacher gave me make-up work to do, but t
13、he history teacher made me drop her course.（compound-complex sentence） When I returned to school following a long illness, the math teacher gave me make-up work to do, but the history teacher made me drop her course. 解析 这题要求改为并列复合句。并列复合句是由两个或多个简单句和一个或多个从句构成的句子。从句意上来看，当我长病后返回学校，数学老师让我把课补上，而历史老师让我中断他的
14、课。,5. The Periodic Sentence 掉尾句 中心意思出现在句尾的句子称为掉尾句。 这种句子结构通常要比中心意思出现在句首、修饰语出现在句尾的结构效果更好。修饰语可以是词组（例如介词词组，分词词组等），状语从句（如条件状语从句，让步状语从句，地点状语从句等），也可以是其它结构（如不定式结构等）。,Eg: I asked my friend if we should tip the driver when the bus tour ended.（periodic sentence） When the bus tour ended, I asked my friend if we
15、 should tip the driver. 解析 这句要求改成掉尾句，只要把此句的状语修饰语放在句首即可。 注意，句子中的if we should tip the driver,是asked 的宾语从句，不能放在句首。, Meet me in the courtyard for dessert when you finish doing the dishes.（periodic sentence） When you finish doing the dishes, meet me in the courtyard for dessert. 解析 本题要求改成掉尾句。只要把when you
16、finish doing the dishes这一时间状语从句放在句首，后面加逗号即可。,6. The Short and Long Sentences 长短句 短句显得简练，有力量。 但句子太短也会影响写作上的流畅性，解决这一问题的方法是利用连词，包括从属连词，将短句连接在一起。 长句可以将比较复杂的逻辑思维表达清楚。短句长句要根据所表达的思想和内容结合使用，长短句的不断变化会给读者新奇感。,常见结构错误 （Common Errors） 1、Run-on sentence 串句/不间断句子 误将两个句子穿在一起的句子，有的用逗号隔开，有的标点都没有使用。 修改串句有三种方法： 1）将其分成两个句子； 2）用连词连接两个句子; 3）用分号连接两个句子。,例 There are man
