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1、1、a quick lessonThis is the VOA Special English Economics Report.这里是美国之音慢速英语经济报道。Businesses are structured in different ways to meet different needs.企业存在不同的构成形式以满足不同需求。The simplest form of business is called an individual or sole proprietorship. The proprietor owns all of the property of the busines
2、s and is responsible for everything.最简单的一种企业构成形式就是独资企业，企业主拥有企业所有资产，也承担一切责任。For legal purposes, with this kind of business, the owner and the company are the same. This means the proprietor gets to keep all of the profits of the business, but must also pay any debts.从法律上来讲，独资企业主等同于企业，这意味着企业主获取企业所有收益，
3、也承担所有债务。Another kind of business is the partnership. Two or more people go into business together. An agreement is usually needed to decide how much of the partnership each person controls.另外一种是合伙企业，由两个或两个以上的人合伙经营。合伙人之间通常必须拟定协议，以规定各自所控制的企业份额。One kind of partnership is called a limited liability part
4、nership. These have full partners and limited partners. Limited partners may not share as much in the profits, but they also have less responsibility for the business.其中一种合伙企业成为有限责任合伙企业。合伙人分为普通合伙人和有限责任合伙人。有限责任合伙人可能享受的收益不高，但他们相应承担的责任也少。Doctors, lawyers and accountants often form partnerships to share
5、 their risks and profits. A husband and wife can form a business partnership together.医生、律师和会计们经常组建合伙企业，共同分担风险和收益。夫妻也可以共同组建合伙企业。Partnerships exist only for as long as the owners remain alive. The same is true of individual proprietorships.合伙企业仅在企业主在世的情况下存在，独营企业也是如此。But corporations are designed to h
6、ave an unlimited lifetime. A corporation is the most complex kind of business organization.但公司没有生存时间限制，这是最复杂的一种企业形式。Corporations can sell stock as a way to raise money. Stock represents shares of ownership in a company. Investors who buy stock can trade their shares or keep them as long as the compa
7、ny is in business.公司可以通过出售股票的形式筹集资金。股票代表公司所有权，股票投资人可以进行股票交易，也可以长期持有，只要公司仍在运营。A company might use some of its earnings to pay dividends as a reward to shareholders. Or the company might reinvest the money back into the business.公司可能会拿出一部分收益作为股息奖励给股东，也可能把钱再次投入公司运营。If shares lose value, investors can l
8、ose all of the money they paid for their stock. But shareholders are not responsible for the debts of the corporation.如果股份丧失价值，投资者就会损失掉所有投到股票里的钱。但是股东不用对公司的债务承担责任。A corporation is recognized as an entity - its own legal being, separate from its owners.公司被认为是一个合法存在的实体（即独立法人），与股东是分离的。A board of directo
9、rs controls corporate policies. The directors appoint top company officers. The directors might or might not hold shares in the corporation.董事会控制公司决策。董事任命公司的上层员工，但董事不一定就是该公司股东。 Corporations can have a few major shareholders. Or ownership can be spread among the general public.公司可能只有几个主要的股东，也可能所有权为公众
10、广泛持有。But not all corporations are traditional businesses that sell stock. Some nonprofit groups are also organized as corporations.但不是所有公司都是出售股票这种传统商业模式。一些非营利性组织也以公司形式存在。2、baboonsThis is the VOA Special English Agriculture Report.这里是美国之音慢速英语农业报道。 When farmers and wild animals share land, conflicts c
11、an be hard to prevent. But the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization is trying to help.当农民和野生动物在同一片土地上共存时，冲突在所难免。联合国粮农组织正试图就此提供帮助。The FAO and other groups are developing what they call the Human-Wildlife Conflict Mitigation Toolkit. This toolkit is a collection of advice and information t
12、hat farmers in southern Africa have been testing.粮农组织和其他组织正在开发他们所说的缓解“人类与野生动物冲突 ”工具包。工具包收集了经过南部非洲农民测试的建议和信息。 Wild animals are considered a top problem for the physical and economic security of rural populations in Africa.野生动物被认为是非洲农村居民人身安全和经济安全（动物造成经济损失）的首要问题。 FAO official Rene Czudek says the main
13、aim is to provide low-cost methods to deal with wild animals without harming them.粮农组织官员 Rene Czudek 称其主要目的是在不伤害野生动物的前提下 ,提供一种低成本的应对方法。 For example, some farmers in Kenya use donkeys to guard against lions and cheetahs.例如，在肯尼亚一些农民使用毛驴防范狮子和猎豹。 In Zambia and Mozambique, crocodiles are blamed for more
14、deaths than any other animal. Nile crocodiles kill an estimated three hundred people each year in Mozambique alone.在赞比亚和莫桑比克，鳄鱼造成了比任何其他动物都更多的死亡事故。每年仅在莫桑比克，尼罗鳄就造成大约 300 人死亡。 Strong fencing at watering points can offer protection. And people should always enter the water several at a time, in groups a
15、rmed with weapons like sticks and stones, axes and spears.取水点的坚固栅栏可以提供保护。同时，人们下水时应该多人一组，并用棍棒、石头、斧头和长矛等武器武装自己。But the FAO also points out that crocodile attacks are less likely in places that have not been overfished.但粮农组织还指出，鳄鱼在那些没有过度捕捞的地方较少袭击人类。 The toolkit also has ideas to control baboons. These
16、large monkeys raid crops and they can kill sheep and other livestock.该工具包也包含防治狒狒的办法。这种大型猴类会破坏农作物，杀死羊和其他牲畜。 One suggestion is to remove the center from a loaf of bread and hide a snake inside - a live one if possible. Baboons have a fear of snakes. They also have good memories. Rene Czudek at the FAO says a baboon frightened by a snake sandwich will probably not come back.建议之一是掏空一块面包并将蛇藏到里面 - 如果有可能的话用活蛇。狒狒怕蛇，且他们记性很好。粮农组织的 Rene Czudek 称，被“蛇三明治”吓坏的狒狒可能将不敢再来。 Another animal with a
