《《英语修辞学english rhetoric》第一章introduction to english rh》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《《英语修辞学english rhetoric》第一章introduction to english rh（52页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Chapter One Introduction to English Rhetoric,“the art of effective expression and the persuasive use of language“,English Rhetoric,Page 2,Contents of This Chapter,I . About the Course II. Reference Books III.What is rhetoric? IV. Why do we learn rhetoric?,Page 3,1. Optional course of English Major 2
2、. Teaching Objects: juniors of English Major 3. Purpose:,I. About the Course,General idea about English rhetoric a brief and interesting survey of the history of rhetoric with emphasis on several major classical rhetoricians and their theories and application Communicative rhetoric the choice of wor
3、ds, the choice of sentences, paragraph and essay construction Aesthetic rhetoric: figures of speech (phonetic, syntactic, semantic, logic),Page 4,II. Reference Books,4. Assessment: Exam Total grades = 30% of Regular Grades + 70%of the Final Exam * Regular Grades consists of 15% of class attendance a
4、nd 15% of class participation and assignments,5. Text Book 张秀国：英语修辞学(English Rhetoric)，清华大学出版社、北京交通大 学出版社，2005 6. Reference Books: 黄 任：英语修辞与写作，上海外语教育出版社，1999. 胡曙中：现代英语修辞学，上海外语教育出版社，2004年7月第1版，,Page 5,Rhetoric is power.,Whoever does not study rhetoric will become a victim of it. -Ancient Greek wall i
5、nscription Histories make men wise; poets, witty; the mathematics, subtle; natural philosophy, deep, moral, grave; logic and rhetoric, able to contend. -Francis Bacon,Page 6,Plato and Aristotle,The study of rhetoric goes back to ancient Greece, when speakers began to practice the art of persuasion i
6、n courts of law. The ancients realized that presentation is as important, or perhaps more important, as facts.,III. What is rhetoric?,Page 7,3.1 Origin of Western Rhetoric,It is said that the “art of rhetoric” originated in Syracuse锡拉库兹(意大利西西里岛东部一港市), a Greek colony on the island of Sicily, in about
7、 465 B.C When the dictators on the island were overthrown and democracy was established, people went to court to claim the ownership of the land which had been taken from them during the dictators reign. However, the Greek system required that citizens represent themselves in court instead of hiring
8、 attorneys to speak on their behalf as we can today. Therefore, the rhetoric came into being to “make the best possible case and to represent it persuasively to the jury” (Hu Shuzhong, 2002:3).,III. What is rhetoric?,Page 8,Syracuse,Page 9,3.2 rhetoric and oratory Rhtorikrhtr: Oratory had been pract
9、iced long before the ancient rhetoricians developed a theory and a vocabulary for rhetoric. Oratory: * the foundation of rhetoric * more than ordinary speech but a special kind of public speaking (a special purpose, a special way, a special time) * to impress, convince, or move the audience to actio
10、n They then developed a set of principles for successful communication. These principles make up the art of rhetoric.,as a verb: to speak,as a noun: orator,III. What is rhetoric?,Page 10,3.3 Connotation (内涵)of rhetoric Over the years the word “rhetoric” has taken on a wide range of meaning. Negative
11、 connotations: skillful, but often deceptive, eloquence a fraudulent practice to deal exclusively with language, rather than with ideas formidable support from Socrates and Plato. In Gorgias (高尔吉亚篇, Plato criticized the rhetoricians, “The rhetorician need not know the truth about things; he has only
12、 to discover some way of persuading the ignorant that he has more knowledge than those who know.”,III. What is rhetoric?,Page 11,Full name Plato Born c. 428427 BC Athens Died c. 348347 BC (age approx 84) Athens School/tradition Platonism Main interests： Rhetoric, Art, Literature, Epistemology, Justi
13、ce, Virtue, Politics, Education, Family, Militarism Notable ideas：Platonic realism（柏拉图式的现实主义和理想主义）,ipistimldi：【哲】认识论 inz：(希腊首都)雅典；(作为文学、艺术中心而比喻为雅典的)任一城市,Plato and his idea about rhetoric,Page 12,It is possible that in developing his own theory of knowledge, Plato coined the term “rhetoric“ both to d
14、enounce what he saw as the false wisdom of the Sophistssfist, and to advance his own views on knowledge and method.,Platos animosity(仇恨)against the Sophists derives not only from their inflated claims to teach virtue and their reliance on appearances, but from the fact that his teacher, Socrates, wa
15、s accused of being a Sophist and ultimately sentenced to death for his teaching.,Plato and his idea about rhetoric,Page 13,苏格拉底之死1787 纽约大都会博物馆 法国新古典主义画家：雅克路易 大卫（Jacques Louis David),Page 14,Positive connotations,Historically, “rhetoric” had positive connotations, suggesting a commendable skill with
16、words. Today rhetoric, as it was in history, is something that people have to resort to. Rhetoric is generally understood as a tool or a method. Its content is more concerned with the Hows of what people are talking about than the Whats of what people are talking about. As a tool, rhetoric is inherently neither good or bad. A deceitful person will use it to deceive and an ethical person will use it to make truth and justice prevail.,Page 15,Page
