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1、初中语法专题（一） 时态,一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般将来时 过去将来时,一般现在时,一、一般现在时： 概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 时间状语： always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month), once a week, on Sundays, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加dont,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：把
2、be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。,什么情况下用？,表示经常或习惯性的动作或存在的状态。表示主语通常的能力、兴趣爱好、和性格特征。表示客观的事实或真理。表示按照时刻表或已经计划安排好的将来行为。（只限于是go, come, leave, arrive, begin, start, take off, stop, be等表示开始或移动意义的词。）在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。（主将从现）,当主语是第三人称时，谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式，加-s/es。除此之外都用动词原形
3、。,动词第三人称单数形式变化规则,1. He_(be, am, is, are) a teacher at No. 2 Middle School. 2. He_(have, has) classes in the afternoon. 3. He_(get, gets) up at half past six every morning. 4. He always _(come, comes ) to school on time. 5. He _(study, studies) very hard at his lesson. 6. One and two _(be, is, are) t
4、hree. 7. Blue and yellow _(make, makes) green. 8. The earth _(move, moves) round the sun. 9. I will go there if I _( be, will be, am, is, are) free tomorrow.,10. I will go there when I _(have, will have, has) time tomorrow. 11. He wont come to the party unless he _(be, will be, am, is, are) invited.
5、 12. Ill wait here until my mother _(come, comes, will come) back. 13. Please return the book to the library as soon as you _(finish, finishes, will finish) reading it. 14. Once you _(see, sees, will see) him, you will never forget him.,一般过去时,概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 时间状语：ago, yesterday,
6、the day before yesterday, last week(year, night, month), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc. 基本结构：be动词；行为动词 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didnt，同时还原行为动词。 一般疑问句：was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did 提问，同时还原行为动词。,1. He_(be, was, were, been) here a moment ago. 2. They _(b
7、e, was, were, been) here just now. 3. The scientists _(leave, leaves, leaved, left) for America yesterday. 4. Last week we _(visit, visited ) the Science Museum. 5. When I was a child, I often _(play, played) football. 6. The students ran out of the classroom as soon as the bell _(ring, rang, rung).
8、,现在进行时,作谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态。 1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。 2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, look. listen等时间状语做标志。 3.基本结构：主语+be +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主语+be +not +doing+其他 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。,6. 用法：现在进行时表示 1)、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。 E.g. He is reading . They are talking now. 2)、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行
9、的动作。 E.g. They are working these days. 3)、 某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。 E.g I am coming.,现在分词的变法有 1)、一般在动词词尾加上-ing ,E.g. jump 2)、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write 3)、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put 其句式变换都在be上做文章。,1.I _(write, am writing, is writing, are writin
10、g) a letter now. 2.Look, it _(begin, is beginning, am beginning, are beginning) to rain. 3.They _(study, is studying, am studying, are studying) medicine at the Medical Institute of Chengde these days. 4.He _(teach, am teaching, is teaching, are teaching) an English lesson at this time.,过去进行时,1.概念：表
11、示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。 2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。 3.基本结构 主语+was/were +doing +其他 4.否定形式：主语+was/were + not +doing+其他 5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写） 其句式变化仍然要在be上做文章。,过去进行时常与过去某一特定时间的状语连用，如 last night, at that time, at noon yesterday, last Sunday 等。 也有时没有时
12、间状语，要通过上下文的暗示来确定用过去进行时。,1.I _(cook, cooked, was cooking, were cooking) breakfast when you arrived. 2.What _you_( do, did, was.doing, weredoing) at this time yesterday evening? 3.We_(have, are having, had, were having) dinner when the doorbell rang. 4.While/ When/ As we_( have, had, are having, were
13、having) dinner, the doorbell rang.,一般将来时,构成:will,shall+动词原形，其中shall只用于第一人称。be going to +动词原形，表示主观打算，按计划，安排要发生的事情。 be to +动词原形，表示客观安排 be about to +不定式，意为马上要做某事，正要做某事。某些动词，可用进行时态表将来，如come, go, arrive, leave。在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，主句用一般将来时(will+动词原形)，从句中用一般现在时表将来。一般现在时可表示按时间表发生的将来的动作(限start, begin, arrive, en
14、d, close, leave-等表示开始或移动意义的词),时间状语：Tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, in a few minutes, by,the day after tomorrow, etc.,否定形式：主语+am/is/are not going to do ；主语+will/shall not do+其他 一般疑问句：be放于句首；will/shall提到句首。 e.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She b
15、e back in three days? They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom?,1 _you _a doctor when you grow up? A Will; going to be B Are; going to be C Are; / D Will; be 2 I dont know if his uncle _. I think he _ if it doesnt rain. A will come; comes B will come; will come C comes; comes D comes; will come 3 He will be back _a few minutes. A with B for C on D in 4 What time _we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will B shall C do D are 5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _the work next week. A finishes B doesnt
