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1、Unit 4一、知识点 1. if 引导的非真实性条件状语从句。即虚拟语气通过动词形式的变化来表示说话人对发生的动作或存在的状态所持的态度或看法的动词形式称为语气，虚拟语气表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种祝愿，建议或是与事实相反的假设等。If 引导的条件状语从句分为真实和非真实条件句， 非真实条件句应用虚拟语气。如果要表示与现在或将来事实相反时，其虚拟语气结构为：即：(从句)if + 主语+动词过去式(be 动词用 were), 一般过去时(主句) 主语+would+ 动词原形 过去将来时如：If I had time, I would go for a walk.如果我有时间，我就会去散
2、步。(事实上我现在没有时间) If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 假如我是你的话，我会带上雨伞。(事实上我不是你)I would say no if someone asked me to be in a movie. 假如有人请我当电影演员，我会表示拒绝。(事实上瑞没有人请我当电影演员)2. pretend to do sth. 假装做某事 I pretended to sleep just now. pretend to be doing sth. 假装正在干某事The students pretended to be writing when
3、 the teacher came in.pretend +从句 假装 I pretended that I fell asleep. 3. be late for 迟到 如：I am late for work/ school/ class/ party.4. a few 与 a little 的区别，few 与 little 的区别 a few 一些 修饰可数名词 a little 一些 修饰不可数名词 两者表肯定意义如：He has a few friends. 他有一些朋友。 There is a little sugar in the bottle. 在瓶子里有一些糖。 few 少数
4、的 修饰可数名词 little 少数的修饰不可数名词 但两者表否定意义如：He has few friends. 他没有几个朋友。 There is little sugar in the bottle.在瓶子里没有多少糖。5. hundred, thousand , million, billion (十亿)词前面有数词或 several 一词时不能加 s ，反之，则要加 s 并与 of 连用， 表示数量很多 如：several hundred/ thousand/ million/ billion people 几百/千/百万/十亿人 hundreds of trees 上百棵树8. wh
5、at if + 从句 如果怎么办 ， 要是 又怎么样 如：What if she doesnt come? 要是她不来怎么办？What if LiLei knows? 如果李雷知道了怎么办？9. add sth. to sth. 添加到 如： I added some sugar to water. 我把糖添加到水里。10. 系动词与形容词连用 get nervous 变得紧张feel shy 觉得害羞 look friendly 看起来友好11. too +形/副+to do sth. 太 而不能 如：Im too tired to stand. 我太累了而不能站。12. help with
6、 sth. 如：They help with this problem.help sb. do. 如：They help you relax. 他们帮助你放松13. in public 在公共场所 如:Dont smoke in public. 请不要在公共场所吸烟。14. energetic adj. 活力的 如：She is a energetic girl. 她是一个活力的女孩。energy n. 活力 如：She has lots of energies. 她有活力。15. ask sb. to do 叫做某事ask sb. not to do sth.叫不要做某事tell sb. t
7、o do 告诉做某事 tell sb. not to do sth. 告诉 不要做某事17. borrow sth. from sb. 从某人那里借来某物 如：I borrowed a book from Lily. 我从莉莉那里借来一本书。18.wait for sb.等某人 如：I am wait for him. 我正在等他。19. introduce sb. to sb. 把某人介绍给某人 如：I introduced Lily to Anna. 我把莉莉介绍给安娜。20. invite sb. to do 邀请某人做某事 如：22. plenty of 修饰不可数名词，也可以修饰可数
8、名词 许多 如：24. get along (with)=get on (with)进行，进展The business is getting along very well. 生意进展的很顺利。How are you getting along with your English study? 你的英语学习进展的怎么样了？相处Do you get along with your boss?= Do you and your boss get along? 你跟老板合得来吗？Im getting along very well with my classmates. 我和同学们相处得很好。25.
9、 would rather do than do （= would rather than ）宁愿，而不愿。前后连接两个动词原形，否定形式为：would rather not do sthwould rather than = prefer to 但 prefer to 若连接两个动词，动词应为 v-ing 形式。He would rather jog than play football.=He prefers jogging to playing football. would rather 常单独使用，表示“宁愿做”He would rather watch TV at home.rat
10、her than = instead of 而不是（连接两个并列成分，前后对称） 。Id prefer to go to in summer rather than in winter.I decided to write rather than telephone.I like going out with you rather than with him.She enjoys listening rather than speaking.25. in fact 事实上26. let sb. down 让某人失望 如：28. have experience doing 在做某事有经验 如：2
11、9. come out 出版，出来 如：The magazine comes out once a week. 这种杂志每周出一次。30. by accident 偶然地，无意之中 如：Last week I cut my finger by accident. 上个星期我不小心割到自己的手指。31. hurry to do 匆忙 I hurry to call the police. 32. more than=over 超过35. give sb sth=give sth to sb类似的词还有:pass、lend、show 、write、send 等buy sb sth=buy sth
12、for sb类似的词还有:make、draw、cook 等36.look for 寻找find 找到、发现find out 指经过观察、探索、调查等弄清楚、弄明白。discover 指发现那些客观存在而不为人所知的实情。如科学上的重大发现。37.bring 带来 take 带走 fetch 去并拿来38.talk to/with sb 同说话。tell 告诉, 分辨，辨别。speak to sb 同说话，做及物动词，后跟语言。say 后跟名词、代词及宾语从句做宾语，着重强调说话内容。39.What if 如果将会怎么样？（引导条件状语从句、疑问句）What if she doesnt come
13、? 她要是不来怎么办？What if your parent dont agree? 如果你的父母不同意怎么办？What if you should fall sick? 如果你生病了怎么办？40.What does/do look like? 问相貌。Whats like? 问“品质性格” 。41.give a speech 做演讲 have a speech 听演讲 give a report 做报告have a report 听报告42.permission (n.) 允许，许可 permit (v.) 允许without permission 未经许可43.plenty of 充足的，
14、相当多的。修饰可数或不可数名词，只能用于肯定句。否定、疑问句中用 enough.44.notin the slightest=notat all 根本不45.a little = a bit 修饰形容词、副词a little = a bit of 修饰不可数名词46.the rest 其余的，可指代可数或不可数名词。The other(s) 只能指代可数名词47 宾语从句 ：宾语从句在复合句中作主句的宾语。由连接词+ 主语+ 谓语构成常由下面的一些词引导：由 that 引导 表示陈述意义 that 可省略He says (that) he is at home. 他说他在家里。由 if , w
15、hether 引导 表示 一般疑问意义(带有是否、已否、对否等)I dont know if / whether Wei Hua likes fish. 我不知道韦华是否喜欢鱼。由 连接代词、连接副词(疑问词) 引导 表示特殊疑问意义Do you know what he wants to buy? 你知道他想要买什么吗？从句时态要与主句一致 当主句是一般现在时，从句根据情况使用任何时态He says (that ) he is at home. 他说他在家里。I dont know (that) she is singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wants to know if I have finished my homework. 她想要知道我是否已经完成了我的作业。Do you know when he will be back? 你知道他将会什么时候回来？当主句是一般过去时，从句应使用过去某时态(一般过去时,过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时) He said (that) he was at home. 他说他在家里。I didnt know that she was singing now. 我不知道她正在唱歌。She wanted to know if I had finished m homework. 她想
