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1、新闻翻译,Contents,1.Basic knowledge about agency news translation 1.1A brief introduction to news agencies as translation agencies 1.2The importance of agency news translation 1.3The nature of news translation 1.4 News translation criteria 2. Basic knowledge about news writing 2.1Definition of news 2.2N
2、ews text types 2.3Structure of news text,2.4Sentence construction of news report 2.5Word features of news report 2.6Language style and text style of news report 2.7Genres and materials of news report 3.Translation of news title 4.Word matching in news translation 5. Principles of word matching in ne
3、ws translation,News agencies as translation agencies：a brief introduction,News agencies specialized, since their creation in the middle of the 19th century, in the provision of international news, initially to domestic markets and later, through alliances with other news agencies worldwide, on a glo
4、bal scale. This implied dealing with a diversity of languages and with translation from the very start.,It is not a coincidence that these organizations were created by cosmopolitan, mul-tilingual businessmen: Charles Havas, founder of Agence Havas, the predecessor of Agence France Presse, had lived
5、 and conducted business in Lisbon, while Paul Julius Reuter was a German who obtained his initial experience of news agency journalism in France before settling in Britain and founding Reuters in 1851.,In fact, before it was transformed into the first news agency in 1835, Agence Havas was a translat
6、ion agency known as Bureau Havas (18321835), which provided the French media and business community with translations from the international press. Bureau Havas centralized news translations leaving many freelancers out of work and is the first expression of the growing need for international news f
7、rom around the world.,In the first decades after their inception, news agencies already offered news services in different languages directed to the main Western news markets, and developed global networks which efficiently dealt with linguistic diversity. Agency journalists who pioneered in the exp
8、ansion of their worldwide networks, managing offices in new regions and serving as agents in the furthest corners of the world were, very much like the founders themselves, also characterized by their cosmopolitan formation and multilingual skills.,The organization and features of news agencies toda
9、y with regard to language and translation are not substantially different from what they were in the second half of the 19th century. At present, three organizations occupy a leading position in the field of global news: Reuters, the American news cooperative Associated Press, and Agence France Pres
10、se. Global news agencies traditionally produce newswires in the major European languages (English, French, Spanish, Portuguese, German;,AFP does not offer a Portuguese service but produces a Dutch wire), which are the languages of their main news markets. To these only Arabic is a recent addition (l
11、aunched by Reuters in 1954 and by AFP in 1969). Therefore, news translation into one of these major languages is undertaken by the news agencies themselves. In the case of other languages, it is the subscribing news organizations which assume the task of translating the information provided by the n
12、ews agencies.,Translation of agency news,The need to deal with linguistic diversity in news production and the simultaneous circulation of news in different languages makes translation an important part of news agency work. But news agencies do not tend to employ translators as such.,This is because
13、 translation is not conceived as separate from other journalistic tasks of writing up and editing, and is mainly assumed by the news editor, who usually works as part of a desk, where news reports are edited and translated and sent to a specific newswire. Both processes of edition and translation im
14、ply the tasks of selection, correction, verification, completion, development or reduction that will give texts the final form in which they appear in the newswire.,Translation is thus an important part of journalistic work and is subject to the same requirements of genre and style that govern journ
15、alistic production in general. News organizations employ journalists rather than translators because only the former have the specific skills needed for the job: an experience of journalistic work and a precise knowledge of journalistic genres and style. Even if they are not journalists, news transl
16、ators are required to work as if they were.,We will see in more detail below what the process of news translation entails. At the moment, it will suffice to present it as an example of rewriting in the journalistic field, comparable to literary rewritings such as translations, anthologies (collections), literary histories, biographies and book reviews, all of which, according to Andr Lefevere, entail similar processes of adaptation and manipulation of the original text (1992: 38). Like litera
