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1、The Logical and Semantic Analysis of theUnion structure complex sentences inheadlines of newspaperCandidateSupervisorCollegeProgramSpecializationDegreeUniversityDateLiu-HangxingProf.Sheng-XinhuaPhilosophy and history cultureLogicalLanguage logicMaster of PhilosophyXiangtan UniversityMay 17th, 2012湘潭
2、大学学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。作者签名：日期：年月日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权湘潭大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论
3、文。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名：导师签名：日期：日期：年年月月日日I摘要复句是是语言学和逻辑学两个学科共同研究的重要内容。在报纸标题中，尽管用复句表达标题的情况相对于单句来说比较少，但具有鲜明的特点。报纸标题中构成复句的分句一般比较短小，而且并列类复句还常常省略联接分句的关联词语，同时还融入了一些修辞手段，使新闻标题中复句的语言表达独具特色，所以对报纸标题中的复句研究具有一定的理论价值和实践价值。复句是由两个或两个以上意思相关、结构上互不包含的单句形式组成的句子。复句分为联合复句与偏正复句两类。我们的论文选择联合复句所表达的标题的逻辑特征作为研究对象。联合复句各分句意义上平等，无主次之分
4、。联合复句分为并列、承接、递进、选择四类。并列、承接、递进三类复句表达的是命题间的合取语义关系，选择复句表达的是命题间的析取语义关系。由于语义上的差异，各种语义类型的联合复句中的这种合取或析取关系存在着一些不同之处，主要表现在：一、承接句和递进句虽然都表达合取命题，但这种合取不同于并列关系中的合取，承接句和递进句所表示的合取命题是有序的合取。二、选择句虽然表示析取命题，但由于选择句有任选句、限选句和优选句的语义差别，其内部的逻辑语义关系也不完全相同。报纸标题用联合复句来表达复合判断最基本要求：一是语言表达准确简洁，二是准确运用好复句的关联词语，因为关联词语是体现分句间逻辑关系的基本标志。论文的
5、最后还探讨了报纸标题中联合复句的修辞特点以及这些修辞得以运用的逻辑基础，修辞的目的在于思维的内容的得以准确、生动、形象的表达，以提高语言表达的效果，而修辞必须以逻辑为基础，修辞主要从词语、语句和修辞格的运用这三方面入手，报纸标题也不例外。报纸复句标题的词汇修辞特点主要体现在以下几个方面：第一、常在表达标题的联合复句的两个分句中运用语义互相对立的反义词。第二、根据已有词语，临时创造和使用新的反义词。第三、恰当使用词语的转义。报纸标题中联合复句的语句修辞主要表现在联合复句各分句均为整句，构成对偶或排比辞格；善于利用意义相对的句子，形成特色鲜明的对比；另外，联合复句标题还常用比喻等辞格。最后还尝试着
6、用逻辑公式刻划了修辞格的逻辑理据。如用（x）F（y）这一公式刻划了比喻的逻辑理据。关键词：新闻标题；联合复句；语义；逻辑，理据IIA（x，y）FAbstractThe complex sentence is an important topic been concerned by both of Linguistics and Logic. Inthe headlines of newspaper, although the expression of the complex sentence is relatively less thanthe single sentence, they h
7、ave distinct characteristics. Generally, clause of the complex sentence inthe headlines of newspaper is short, and the parallel class of complex sentences often omits therelated word. Many cases, complex sentences of newspaper headlines use of rhetorical devices, allof these make the expression of c
8、omplex sentences in newspaper headlines unique. So the study ofthis topic has some theoretical and practical values.Complex sentence contains two or more clauses, whose meaning is relevant and the structure doesnot contain. Our paper chooses the logic features of the complex sentences as the object
9、of study.There are at least four semantic types in joint complex sentence, parallel relationship, linkrelationship, progressive relationship, selection relationship and so on. Among them, complexsentences of parallel relationship, link relationship and progressive relationship express theconjunctive
10、 relations between propositions; complex sentences of selection relationship expressthe disjunctive relations. Because of the semantic differences, the conjunctive relations ordisjunctive relations in the joint complex sentences of newspaper headlines have subtle differencesbetween different types o
11、f semantic. For example, conjunctive relations in the parallel relationshipcomplex sentences have no sequence, but conjunctive relations in the link relationship andprogressive relationship have sequences. In short, the most important feature of the expressions ofthe complex judgment by joint comple
12、x sentences is the accurate use of related words, becauserelated words are the basic symbol to reflect logical relations between clauses.My paper have explored the rhetorical features in the complex sentences of newspaper headlines,also the logical basis of rhetoric. The purpose of rhetoric is impro
13、ving the effect of expression, butit must be based on the logic. Rhetoric often starts from the words, sentence and rhetoric devices,also the newspaper headlines. The vocabulary rhetorical features are mainly reflected in thefollowing areas, first, often use words of opposite semantic; second, tempo
14、rary creation and use ofantonyms; third, appropriate use of the transfer semantic of word. The sentence rhetorical featuresare mainly reflected in the following respect, sentence rhetorical often make the clauses ofcomplex sentences have same syntax structure, to constitute a metaphor or parallel speech devices;and so on.At last, I have tried to use the logic formulas
