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1、不同时间收获的玉米单交种其幼苗生理特性的研究摘要以授粉后不同时间收获的玉米单交种郑单958为试验材料，研究了不同收获时间对玉米种子物理特性，形态结构，萌发过程中幼苗生理指标以及对田间苗期光合特性的影响。试验于20072008年在吉林农业大学试验田进行杂交授粉工作。20082009年，物理特性，形态结构和生理特性的测定于吉林农业大学植物生理实验室进行，光合特性于吉林农业大学试验田进行。根据玉米单交种授粉至收获的时间的不同，把种子分为五个处理：分别为授粉至收获的时间为40d、45d、50d、55d和60d的玉米单交种。测定其发芽率，百粒重，百粒体积，比重，胚比，根系活力，萌发过程中幼苗保护酶活性，
2、丙二醛含量，可溶性糖含量，淀粉含量，淀粉酶活性，物质转运率，消耗率，田间苗期光合速率，蒸腾速率及气孔导度。结果如下：1）由于授粉至收获时间的不同，玉米单交种的发芽率有所不同，随着授粉至收获时间的增加而增加。授粉至收获时间为40d、45d、50d、55d和60d的玉米单交种其发芽率分别为83.3%，89.67%、93.33%、97.33%和96.67%。授粉后55d及60d收获的玉米单交种的发芽率和授粉后40d、45d及50d收获的玉米单交种的发芽率差异达到显著水平。2）授粉至收获天数为40d、45d、50d、55d和60d的玉米单交种百粒重分别为26.905g、29.735g、31.41g、3
3、3.035g和33.215g。玉米单交种授粉55天后，其子粒增重不明显。由于授粉至收获的天数的不同，种子的体积和比重随授粉后天数的增加而呈递增趋势，授粉后40d、45d收获的玉米单交种种子与授粉后50d、55d和60d收获的玉米子种子的比重存在显著差异。不同时间收获的玉米单交种胚比变化辐度不大，授粉后40d收获的玉米单交种胚比与授粉后45d、50d、55d和60d收获的玉米单交种胚比均存在极显著差异，而授粉45d与授粉后50d收获的玉米单交种胚比差异不显著，授粉后55d与60d收获的玉米单交种胚比也不存在显著差异。3）玉米单交种幼苗根系活力随授粉至收获天数的增加而增高，授粉后40d收获的玉米单
4、交种的根系活力极显著地低于授粉后45d、50d、55d和60d收获的玉米单交种的根系活力。4）在萌发过程中，玉米单交种的保护酶活性均随着萌发天数的增加呈上升趋势，均在萌发第七天达到最高，而保护酶活性在各处理间的也以授粉至收获的天数的增加而增加。丙二醛的含量则呈现下降趋势，与保护酶的活性呈相反趋势。5）在萌发过程中，玉米单交种出苗后可溶性糖含量随着萌发天数的增加呈上升趋势，并且各处理间随着授粉天数的增加也呈上升的趋势，而淀粉含量表现为下降变化。不同时间收获的玉米单交种贮藏物质的运转率和消耗率均随授粉天数的增加而呈上升趋势。6）田间苗期，各处理间的净光合速率、蒸腾速率及气孔导度均随授粉至收获时间的
5、增加而增大，且净光合速率与气孔导度的变化趋势相近。7）本实验说明：通过对玉米单交种发芽率，百粒重，比重，胚比，根系活力，萌发过程中保护酶活性，丙二醛含量，可溶性糖含量，淀粉含量，物质运转率，消耗率，以及田间苗期净光合速率，蒸腾速率，气孔导度的研究，说明不同的收获时间对玉米单交种的物理特性、生理特性及光合特性产生了一定的影响。关键词：玉米单交种，物理特性，生理指标，光合特性Research of Single-cross Hybrids Physiological Characteristics during Seed Germination in Harvest TimeAbstract Us
6、ing single-cross hybrid maize harvested at different times after pollination as experimental material, studied how different harvest times affect the physical and structure, its physiological indexes during seed germination, and photosynthetic traits in seeding stage. For the production of corn Chan
7、JiaoZhong expected to provide theoretical references.In 2007-2008, the experiments were performed hybrid pollination in the experimental of Jilin agriculture university. In 2008-2009, performed the of determination of the physical, structure and physiological indexes in plant physiology laboratory o
8、f Jilin agriculture university, and the determination of photosynthetic traits in the experimental of Jilin agriculture university.According to the different time from pollination to harvest, the seed is divided into five: They were single-cross hybrids of 40d, 45d, 50d, 55d and 60d from pollination
9、 to harvest. Determine the germination rate, 100-seed weight and 100-seed volume, specific gravity , embryo dry weight proportion, root activity, the activity of protective enzymes and the content of MDA in germination process seedlings, soluble sugar content, starch content, amylase actiity, transl
10、ocation, consumption, the seedling photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. Results are as follows:1) Due to the different harvest time, so the germination of single-cross hybrid maize have different change, as time of harvest to increased. single-cross hybrids of 40d, 45d,
11、50d, 55d and 60d from pollination to harvest, its germination rate respectively 83.33%, 89.67%, 93.33%, 97.33% and 96.67%. single-cross hybrids after pollination 55d and 60d to harvest, and single-cross hybrids after pollination 40d, 45d and 50d to harvest ,they have significant difference of germin
12、ation. 2) Single-cross hybrids of 40d, 45d, 50d, 55d and 60d from pollination to harvest, their 100-seed weight respectively 26.905g, 29.735g, 31.41g, 33.035g and 33.215g. Single-cross hybrids after pollination 55d, its 100-seed weight have no obvious increase. Due to the different days of pollinati
13、on to harvest , seeds 100-seed volume and specific gravity show increasing trend , along with the increase of days after pollination.Single-cross hybrids of 40d and 45d from pollination to harvest, and single-cross hybrids of 50d ,55d and 60d from pollination to harvest, their specific gravity have
14、significant difference. Different time to harvest of Single-cross hybrids embryo dry weight proportion have rotate degrees change, Single-cross hybrids of 40d from pollination to harvest, and single-cross hybrids of 45d, 50d ,55d and 60d from pollination to harvest, their embryo dry weight proportio
15、n all have particularly significant differences, and single-cross hybrids of 45d from pollination to harvest, and single-cross hybrids of 50d from pollination to harvest, their embryo dry weight proportion no significant differences, single-cross hybrids of 55d from pollination to harvest, and singl
16、e-cross hybrids of 60d from pollination to harvest, their embryo dry weight proportion no significant differences too.目 录1 前言11.1选题背景11.1.1研究玉米栽培的重要性11.1.2玉米的收获时间对玉米品质的影响31.2研究的目的和意义31.3玉米单交种萌发过程中生理特性与收获时间的关系41.4玉米单交种苗期光合特性与收获时间的关系62 试验材料与方法92.1试验材料92.2试验设计92.3试验方法102.3.1发芽率102.3.2物理特性与胚比102.3.3根系活力102.3.4保护酶活性与丙二醛含量102.3.5物质运转102.3.6光合特性112.4数据统计分析处理123 结果与
