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1、CHAPTEH5SteeringandsuspensionsystemToconvertthesteering-WheelrotarymotionintoaturnmotionofthesteeredwheelsofthevehiclezToguidethecarwherethe一“driverwantsittogo.转向播臂Pitman/Drop转向直拉杆Draglink转向节Steeringe转向咤SteeringboxJgear转向万向节steeringshaftuniversaljoint轼向柏Steeringaxie方向盘Steeringwheelasicsteeringsystem
2、inmostcarsisthesame.Thesteeringgearofsteeringboxistheheartofthesteeringsystem,Thisusuallyisnexttotheengine.Ashaftextendsfromthebackofthesteeringgear.Thisshaft英connectedtothesteeringcolumnorsteeringshaft.Thesteeringwheelisatthetopofthesteeringcolumm.Anothershaftcomesfromthebottomofthesteeringgear.Thi
3、sshaftconnectstothearms,rods,andlinks.Thispartsassembly,calledthesteeringlinkage,connectsthesteeringgeartothepartsatthewheels.Thewheelsandtiresmounttothesteeringknuckles.AsshowninFig.5-1,thekilbskJesareDivotedatthefopandbottom.Thus,thewheelsandtirescanturafronlsidetoside.多数汽车的转向系基本上是一样的。转向系的核心是转向器,一
4、般位于发动机附近。一根轴从转向器后部伸出,连接着转向柱。方向盘在转向柱的顶端。另一根轴从转向器低端伸出,连接着转向臂、转向拉杆和转向杆系,这些部件总称为转向传动机构,连接转向器和车轮上的部件。车轮和轮胎安装在转向节上。如图5-1所示,转向节的上下端可自由转动,这样车轮可从一侧转到尹一侧。Whilethesteeringsystemmaylookcomplicated,itworksquitesimply.Whenadriverdrivesacarstraightdowntheroad,thesteeringgeariscentered.Thegearholdsthelinkagecentere
5、dsothatthewheelsandtirespointstraightahead.Whenthedriverturnsthesteeringwheel,thesteeringshaftrotatesandthesteeringgearmoyestowardthatside.Theshaftcomingoutthebottomofthesteeringgearturns,asWelLWhentheshaftturnsyitpullsthelinkagetoonesideandmakesthesteeringknucklesturnslightlyabouttheirPivotpoints.T
6、husthesteeringknuckle,spindle,wheels,andtiresturntoonesidecausingthecartoturn.转向系看起来复杂,工作原理却很简单。汽车直行时,转向器处于中间位置,转向传动机构也处于中间位置,车轮直行。驾驶员转动方向盘,转向轴旋转,转向器向同侧转动,同时转向器底部的输出轴也会旋转。输出轴转动时,会向一侧拉动拉杆,使得转向节绕其支点旋轼。毒常转向节、转向节轴端、车轮和轮胎都会向一侧族转,汽车实现转向。eJ国|一口nE二扯Tominimizetirewearthefrontwheelsshouldbesteeredfromthestrai
7、ghtaheadtoapositionWheretheyformanangleof90“toalinedrawnfromtheinstantaneouscentertotheWheelcenter.ItmeansthattheinnexwheelturnsthroughalargeranglethantheouterWhsel.为减少轮胎的磨损,前轮应该从前进方向转到和瞬时转动中心到车轮中心的连线成902角的位置,这表明内侧车轮比外侧车轮转过的角度要大。/Itisobtainedbymakingthetrackrodadifferentlengthtothedistancebetweenthe
8、kingpins.ThetrackrodlengthissetsothatitsconnectiontothetrackarmfallsonanimaginarylinetakenfromthekingpintoapointonthevehiclecenterlinejustinfrontoftherearaXL6.转向横拉杆的长度同主销间的距离不相等,就可保证各前轮以期望的角度旋转。转向横拉杆长度的设置要保证转向横拉杆与梯形臂的连接点位于主销到后桥前端汽车中心线上的点所形成的假想连线上。矗CHAPTER5Steeringandsuspensionsy2recirculationballrackandpinion循环球转向器齿轮齿条转向器昌_八sEWormandrollerWormand0eg蜗林蜗轮式蜗杆曲柄指销式口CHAPTER5Steeringandsuspensionsystemaectora
