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1、Unit 1 Laughter is good for you,Grammar and usage,Overview of tenses 1:,1. simple present（一般现在时） 2. present continuous（现在进行时） 3. present perfect（现在完成时） 4. present perfect continuous （现在完成进行时）,Present tenses are used to talk about the present time. These tenses include:,present tenses,现在时态,地理老师告诉我们地球
2、绕着太阳转。 太阳东升西落。,The geography teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.,The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.,I. the simple present tense一般现在时,1 表示客观事实或普通真理. (不受时态限制),他每天晚饭后散步。 我们总是相互关心相互帮助。,He takes a walk after supper every day.,We always care for each other and help each other.,2.
3、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态, 常和often, always, usually, sometimes, everyday, once a week 等表示频率的时间状语连用。,斯密斯先生讨厌鱼而且从来不吃。 玛丽英语和法语都说的很好。,Mr. Smith hates fish and never eats any.,Mary speaks both English and French very well.,3. 表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。,4. 表示安排或计划好的肯定会出现的动作或状态。,飞机上午10点起飞。 明天是星期三。,The plane takes off at 1
4、0:00 a.m.,Tomorrow is Wednesday.,如果明天下雨我们将不得不推迟会议。 除非老板同意，否则我不能走。,We will have to put off the sports meeting if it rains tomorrow.,I cant leave unless my boss agrees.,5. 在时间、条件状语从句中用一般现在时表示将来,If you will accept my invitation and come to our party, my family will be pleased.,Notes: if 引导的条件状语从句中可以用sh
5、all 或will 表示意愿，但不表示时态。,- What are you doing? - I am writing a letter. Its raining heavily now, so we must stay inside.,II. The present continuous tense 现在进行时,1 表示说话时正在进行的动作。,简在学习法律而她的姐姐在学习物理。 他正在一边教英语一边学中文。,Jane is studying law while her sister is doing physics.,He is teaching English and learning C
6、hinese.,2. 表示现阶段一直在进行的动作。,I am meeting Mr. Wang tonight. 我计划今年去青岛过暑假。 飞机即将飞往伦敦。,我今晚要去见王先生。,I am going to Qingdao for the summer holiday this year.,The plane is leaving for London soon.,3. 表示按计划近期内即将发生的动作。,The girl is always talking loud in public. 她经常借钱却忘记还。 她不停地抱怨(complain)自己的命运不好(fate)。,那个女孩总爱当众大声
7、喧哗。,She is often borrowing money and forgetting to pay me back.,She is constantly complaining about her fate.,4. 与always often 等频度副词连用表示经常 反复的行为或某种感情色彩。,A 表示心理状态、情感的动词 like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, wish, agree, mean, need B 表示存在状态的动词 appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong
8、to, depend on C 表示瞬间动作的动词 allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete D 表示感官的动词 see, hear, notice, smell, sound, taste, look,Notes: 以下四类动词不宜用现在进行时。,Practice:,1.Ma ling _in Shanghai, but she _in Beijing at the moment. (live) 2. A big building_ in the centre of the city. A girl _at the gate of the
9、 store. (stand),lives,is living,stands,is standing,Practice:,1.The plane _(take) off at 10:00. 2.I _(leave) tomorrow.,takes,am leaving,a scheduled future action,a planned future action,Practice:,I always _(have) a cup of coffee in the morning, but I_ always _(forget) to wash the cup afterwards.,have
10、,forgetting,am,He has hosted the show eight times. 贝利克克里斯托已经出演过多部电影和电 剧。 我们已去过长城多次。,Billy Crystal has been in many films and television shows.,We have been to the Great Wall many times.,他已经连续八次主持表演。,III. The present perfect tense现在完成时,1 表示反复发生的经历,He has paid his income tax. 医生们已经发现经常大笑的人长寿。,他已经交了个人所
11、得税。,Doctors have found that people who laugh a lot live longer!,2. 表示动作发生在过去，但对现在仍留下某种后果和影响。,3. 表示动作发生在过去但持续到现在。,My mother has been ill for three days. 我们大部分人已经学了5年英语了。,我妈妈已经生病3天。,Most of us have studied English for 5 years.,Its/ It has been 3 years since they got married. Its the first time that I
12、have been to the Great Wall. This is the most interesting film that I have seen.,4. 下列句型中常用现在完成时。,It is (has been) +一段时间 since +从句 This (That/ It ) is the first (second) time that + 完成时 This (That/ It) is the best/ finest / most interesting.+that+完成时,If you have done the experiment, youll understand
13、 the theory better. Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.,如果你做完试验，你会更好地理解这个理论的。,车停稳之前，别忙着下车。,Notes: 在时间或条件状语从句中，现在完成时可以代替一般将来时。,时间上有差异：凡有具体的过去时间，均用过去时态，不能用完成时，如：ago, last year, just now, the other day 等。 结果上有差异：现在完成时强调的是对“现在”的影响和结果，动作到现在刚完成或还在继续；一般过去时强调的动作发生在过去，和现在没有关系。,Notes:,注意区分一般过去时与现在完成时,C
14、hinese have been making paper for more than 2000 years.,中国造纸的历史已有2000多年了。,IV. the present perfect continuous tense现在完成进行时,表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作，这个动作可能刚刚结束，也可能还要继续下去。,The children have been watching TV all morning.,孩子们一上午一直在看电视。,Doctors have been researching that question for many years.,多年来，医生们一直在研究
15、这个问题。,They have been widening the road. They have widened the road.,_有时有延续性，_往往没有延续性.,现在完成进行时,现在完成时,他们已加宽了马路，已完工。,他们在加宽马路，但尚未完工。,continuation,Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly Recently Mary has done her work regularly,现在完成进行时比较生动,含有明显的感情色彩，而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实，一种影响或结果，没有什么感情色彩可言。,I _(认识) hi
16、m for many years. All these years we _(设法) to get in touch with you. They _(结婚) for twenty years. All along we _ (考虑) coming to see you.,have known,have been married,have been trying,have been considering,Practice:,I_ tired, but happy today. I _ my play since January, and now I _ for actors to perform
