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1、,The ICRP System of Radiation Protection: Moral and Ethical Foundation,Abel J. Gonzlez (*) ICRP Vice-Chairman Av. del Libertador 8250, (1429)Buenos Aires, Argentina; +54 1163231306; agonzalezarn.gob.ar (*) Member United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) Member
2、 Commission on Safety Standards of the International Atomic Energy Agency Senior Adviser of the Argentine Nuclear Regulatory Authority,ICRP Main Commission Meeting Symposium of the Chinese Radiation Protection Society Pan Pacific Hotel Suzhou, China; Friday April 16, 2010,ICRP放射防护体系:道德伦理基础 The ICRP
3、System of Radiation Protection: Moral and Ethical Foundation,Abel J. Gonzlez (*) ICRP 副主席 Av. del Libertador 8250, (1429)Buenos Aires, Argentina; +54 1163231306; agonzalezarn.gob.ar (*) Member United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) Member Commission on Safet
4、y Standards of the International Atomic Energy Agency Senior Adviser of the Argentine Nuclear Regulatory Authority,ICRP主要委员会会议 - 中国辐射防护学会研讨会 Meeting of the Main Commission of ICRP- Symposium of the Chinese Radiation Protection Society 泛太平洋大酒店，苏州，中国; 星期五, 2010年4月16 Pan Pacific Hotel, Suzhou , China;
5、Friday April 16, 2010,国际放射防护委员会2007年建议书 国际放射防护委员会第103号出版物,The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection ICRP Publication 103,放射防护的生物学方面 - 确定效应（有害的组织反应）的诱发 - 随机效应的诱发 - 判断和不确定性,Biological Aspects of Radiological Protection - The induction of deterministic effects
6、(harmful tissue reactions) - The induction of stochastic effects - Judgements and uncertainties,;,Dose (Sv),Likelihood of health effects,100% (certainty),0,1,Approx. lower bound of pathological knowledge, 5% (UNSCEAR estimate),1,10,Tissue reactions Clinical diagnosis (individual pathology),Approx. l
7、ower bound of epidemiological knowledge,Cytogenetic exposure indicators,radiation syndromes and death, 10%, 1%,General radiobiological information,Increase incidence of malignancies Statistical estimates (epidemiology of populations),Frequentist (Bernoullian) estimation,Subjective (Bayesian) estimat
8、ion,Estimated likelihood of cancer,;,Dose (Sv),Likelihood of health effects,100% (certainty),0,1,Approx. lower bound of pathological knowledge, 5% (UNSCEAR estimate),1,10,Approx. lower bound of epidemiological knowledge,Increased syndromes and death, 10%, 1%,Typical Background,Estimated likelihood o
9、f cancer,Region of individual attribution of effects,Region of inference of radiation risks,Region of collective attribution of effects,;,Dose (Gy),Likelihood of health effects,100% (certainty),0,1,Approx. lower bound of pathological knowledge, 5% (UNSCEAR estimate),1,10,Approx. lower bound of epide
10、miological knowledge,Increased syndromes and death, 10%, 1%,Typical Background,Estimated likelihood of cancer,Region of individual attribution of effects,Region of inference of radiation risks,Region of collective attribution of effects,;,Total background incidence of effects,Background annual dose
11、(average 2.4, typical 10 mSv y-1),Postulated likelihood of health effects,Dose,Radiation-unrelated background incidence,Presumed radiation-related background incidence,Nominal incremental likelihood of health effects,Incremental dose,0.005%/mSv,辐射防护中使用的量,Quantities Used in Radiological Protection,活度
12、 (Activity)，A,吸收剂量 (absorbed dose), D,注量 (Fluence)，,吸收剂量 (absorbed dose), D,辐射权重因数 (Radiation weighting factor), wR,当量剂量 (Equivalent dose), HT,当量剂量 (Equivalent dose), HT,组织权重因数 (Tissue Weighting factor), wT,有效剂量 (Effective dose), E,照射情况类型 Types of exposure situations,照射情况类型 Types of exposure situati
13、ons,现存照射情况 Existing exposure situations 计划照射情况 Planned exposure situations 应急照射情况 Emergency exposure situations,计划照射情况, Planned exposure situations,是指计划引入或操作辐射源的情况（这类照射情况包括以前分类为实践的情况）。 which are situations involving the planned introduction and operation of sources. (This type of exposure situation
14、includes situations that were previously categorised as practices.),S,18 January, 2019,16,天然本底 natural background,有效剂量 (Effective dose),实践 practice,监管控制 regulatory control,计划照射情况, Planned exposure situations,应急照射情况， Emergency exposure situations,是指在计划照射情况的运行过程中可能发生，或由恶意行为引起的，并需要采取应急措施的意外情况。 which ar
15、e unexpected situations such as those that may occur during the operation of a planned situation, or from a malicious act, requiring urgent attention.,现存照射情况， Existing exposure situations,是指在决定必须采取控制措施时照射已经存在的情况，如天然本底辐射引起的照射。 which are exposure situations that already exist when a decision on contro
16、l has to be taken, such as those caused by natural background radiation.,2009 WNU-Summer InstituteS,18 January, 2019,19,可防止的剂量 (Averted dose),监管控制 regulatory control,有效剂量 (Effective dose),应急照射情况 Emergency exposure situations,2009 WNU-Summer Institute,现存照射情况 Existing exposure situations,放射防护原则,The principles of radiological protection,放射防护原则 The princi
