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1、資料庫系統概論,2, Outlines,Basic Definitions Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach Example of a Database Database Users 何謂 View (觀點)？ 資料庫相較於檔案系統的優點 When not to use a DBMS Schema Three-Schema Architecture Database Languages Centralized and Client/Server Architectures for DBMSs Characteristics of the Databas
2、e Approach (see Chapters 1, 2),3,資料庫 (Database),Database Management System (DBMS),End User,Application Programs,Database System, Basic Definitions,SQL (結構化查詢語言)：User與AP皆透過SQL與DBMS溝通、存取DB data!,4,Database (資料庫; DB) A collection of related data. (一群相關資料的集合) 將相關的資料以系統化的方式有效率地儲存在一起，並減少資料的重覆性 一個資料庫往往是因為特
3、定的需求或目的而被建構。因此，可以被特定的應用程式或人員所使用 透過資料庫管理系統 (Database Management System; DBMS) 來管理,5,Database Management System (資料庫管理系統; DBMS) 是一群程式的集合，可以讓使用者有能力去建立與維護資料庫。 幫助處理資料庫的定義(Defining)、建構(Constructing)、操作(Manipulating)與共享(Sharing)。 Defining (定義): specifying the data type, structure, and constraints of the da
4、ta to be stored in the database. Constructing (建構): the process of storing the data on some storage medium that is controlled by the DBMS. Manipulating (操作): querying the database, updating the database, generating reports from the data. Sharing (共享): allows multiple user/programs to access the data
5、base simultaneously.,6,Other important functions provided by the DBMS include protecting (保護) the database and maintaining (維護) it over a long period of time. Protection includes: System protection: against hardware or software malfunction Security protection: against unauthorized or malicious acces
6、s. Database System (資料庫系統) The DBMS software together with the database. Database System = DBMS + DB 例：Oracle, SQL Server, DB2, MySQL, ,7, Advantages of Using the DBMS Approach,Controlling Redundancy Restricting Unauthorized Access Providing persistent Storage for Program Objects Providing Storage S
7、tructures for efficient Query Processing Providing Backup and Recovery Providing Multiple User Interfaces Representing Complex Relationships among Data Enforcing Integrity Constraints Permitting Inferencing and Actions Using Rules,8,Controlling Redundancy 控制重複性 整合相同的資料並集中存放，可節省儲存空間，且減少不一致的現像 Restric
8、ting Unauthorized Access Providing persistent Storage for Program Objects Providing Storage Structures for efficient Query Processing Providing Backup and Recovery Providing Multiple User Interfaces Representing Complex Relationships among Data Enforcing Integrity Constraints Permitting Inferencing
9、and Actions Using Rules,9,Controlling Redundancy Restricting Unauthorized Access 限制未授權的存取 提供適當的安全性與認証機制，通常是使用帳號與密碼獲得相對的資料庫存取權限 Providing persistent Storage for Program Objects Providing Storage Structures for efficient Query Processing Providing Backup and Recovery Providing Multiple User Interfaces
10、 Representing Complex Relationships among Data Enforcing Integrity Constraints Permitting Inferencing and Actions Using Rules,10,Controlling Redundancy Restricting Unauthorized Access Providing persistent Storage for Program Objects 提供程式物件永久的儲存空間 將複雜的程式物件或資料結構永久性地儲存在DBMS中，解決一般程式終止後，變數即被丟棄的問題。 For O-
11、O DBMS Providing Storage Structures for efficient Query Processing Providing Backup and Recovery Providing Multiple User Interfaces Representing Complex Relationships among Data Enforcing Integrity Constraints Permitting Inferencing and Actions Using Rules,11,Controlling Redundancy Restricting Unaut
12、horized Access Providing persistent Storage for Program Objects Providing Storage Structures for efficient Query Processing 提供有效處理查詢的儲存結構 資料庫系統必須提供有效執行查詢與更新的能力，而DBMS可以提供查詢處理與最佳化模組，可針對不同的查詢動作選擇一個有效率的查詢執行計劃。 Providing Backup and Recovery Providing Multiple User Interfaces Representing Complex Relation
13、ships among Data Enforcing Integrity Constraints Permitting Inferencing and Actions Using Rules,12,Controlling Redundancy Restricting Unauthorized Access Providing persistent Storage for Program Objects Providing Storage Structures for efficient Query Processing Providing Backup and Recovery 提供備份與回復
14、功能 確保資料庫可以回復到程式開始執行前的狀態，或確保程式能從之前中斷處繼續執行。 Providing Multiple User Interfaces Representing Complex Relationships among Data Enforcing Integrity Constraints Permitting Inferencing and Actions Using Rules,13,Controlling Redundancy Restricting Unauthorized Access Providing persistent Storage for Program
15、 Objects Providing Storage Structures for efficient Query Processing Providing Backup and Recovery Providing Multiple User Interfaces 提供多重使用者介面 針對不同程度的使用者，提供不同的使用者介面，包括：圖形化使用者介面、自然語言介面、查詢語言、程式語言介面等。 Representing Complex Relationships among Data Enforcing Integrity Constraints Permitting Inferencing
16、and Actions Using Rules,14,Controlling Redundancy Restricting Unauthorized Access Providing persistent Storage for Program Objects Providing Storage Structures for efficient Query Processing Providing Backup and Recovery Providing Multiple User Interfaces Representing Complex Relationships among Data 表示資料間的複雜關係 可以利用各資料表格之間的相同欄位 (即：外來鍵) 來表示其間的關係。 Enforcing Integrity Constraints Permitting Inferencing and Actions Using Rules,15,Controlling Redundancy Restricting Unauthorized Access Prov
