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1、,邹德艳 15904250811 巴斯Bath; Leeds; New Castle; Warwick; Manchester Monteray Freelancer/in-house,What is interpreting?,The English word “interpreter” is derived from the Latin term interpres, which means someone “explaining the meaning”, “making sense of what others have difficulty understanding”. Inte
2、rpreting is performed “here and now” for the benefit of people who want to engage in communication across barriers of language and culture.,Types of interpreting,Conference interpreting (会议口译) Mode 1: Consecutive interpreting (交替传译/连续传译CI) The interpreter listens to the totality of a speakers commen
3、ts, or at least a significant passage and then reconstitutes the speech with the help of notes taken while listening; the interpreter is thus speaking consecutively to the original speaker. Mode 2: Simultaneous interpreting (同声传译 SI) The interpreter listens to the beginning of the speakers comments
4、then begins interpreting while the speech continues, carrying on throughout the speech, to finish almost the same time as the original; the interpreter is thus speaking simultaneously to the original. Lagging behind,Other types,Liaison interpreting (联络口译) Public service interpreting (公共服务口译） Dialogu
5、e interpreting（对话口译） “An individual who speaks two languages mediates in a conversation between two or more individuals who do not speak each others tongue.” Whispering interpreting（耳语口译） Sight interpreting（视译）,Concept clarification,Active language: The language or languages into which the interpret
6、er is capable of providing professional interpretation. Passive language: For interpreters, passive languages are the languages out of which the interpreter is capable of interpreting professionally. Source language: SL is the language that is to be translated into another language. Target language/
7、receptor language/goal language: TL is the language into which a text written in another language is to be translated.,Effort models (Daniel Gile),Effort model for CI: Phase I: listening + notes + short-term memory + coordination of these tasks Phase II: note-reading + remembering + production Effor
8、t model for SI: L (Listening and analysis) + M (Short-term memory effort) + P (Speech production) + C (Coordination),The basic skills of SI,分散使用注意力技能（cultivating split attention） 影子练习（shadowing exercises） 数字翻译技能（figures/numbers） 视译技巧（sight interpreting） 简约化（simplification） 概括化（generalization） 略译（omission） 综述（summarizing） 解释（explanation） 语音、语调、重音及节奏（pronunciation，intonation，stress and pauses） 接力口译技巧（relay）/ 团队合作（team work skills） 同声传译设备使用,Assessment:,Class attendance & performance E-C: 1 min C-E: 1 min Final test,
