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1、7-1,Chapter 07: Design of Work System,Job Design Work Measurement Learning Curves,7-2,Chapter 07: Design of Work System,工作研究 工作测时 学习曲线,7-3,Job Design,Requirements for Successful Job Decisions,Carried out by experienced personnel with the necessary training and background Consistent with the goal of
2、the organization In written form Understood and agreed to by both management and employees,7-4,Job Design,成功进行工作研究的关键,由富有经验、经过必要培训、具有实际工作背景的人员来执行 要与组织的目标相一致 研究结果等要形成书面 须得到管理人员和职员的支持,7-5,Job Design,Major advantages and disadvantages of specialization in business,Specialist or Generalist?,7-6,Job Desi
3、gn,专门化在企业组织中的优点和不足,专才好还是通才好？,7-7,Job Design,Behavioral Approaches to Job Design,Job enlargement Job rotation Job enrichment,7-8,Job Design,工作研究中的行为科学方法,工作扩大化 工作轮换 工作丰富化,7-9,Job Design,Teams,Problem-solving teams Special-purpose teams Self-managing teams Self-directed teams Employee empowerment Organ
4、izational restructuring,7-10,Job Design,团队,解决问题的团队 专业团队 自管理团队 自领导团队 赋权给职员 组织变革,7-11,Job Design,Methods Analysis,Changes in tools and equipment Changes in product design or introduction of new products Changes in materials or procedures Other factors (e.g., accidents, quality problems),The need for m
5、ethods analysis:,7-12,Job Design,方法研究,工具和设备的改变 产品改造或引入新产品 物料或工艺的改变 其它因素 (例如，事故发生，质量出现问题),必须进行方法研究的几种情况:,7-13,Job Design,Selecting an operation to study Documenting the present method Analyzing the job and proposing new method Installing the improved method Following up installation,The basic procedu
6、re in methods analysis:,7-14,Job Design,选择研究对象 对现有方法做出局面描述 在分析现有方法基础上提出新的方法 实施新方法 评价实施效果，巩固成果,方法研究的基本程序：,7-15,Job Design,Flow Process Chart:,Job: Requisition of petty cash,Details of Method,Analyst Mary,Page 1 of 2,Operation,Requisition made by department head Put in “pick-up” basket To accounting d
7、epartment Account and signature verified Amount approved by treasurer Amount counted by cashier Amount recorded by bookkeeper Petty cash sealed in envelope Petty cash carried to department Petty cash checked against requisition Receipt signed Petty cash stored in safety box,Movement,Inspection,Delay
8、,Storage,7-16,Job Design,流程图:,工作: 申领小额现金,操作方法详细说明,研究人员 玛丽,页码 1 of 2,操作,由部门领导提出申请 把请款单放在文件筐中 到会计科 审核员审核并签字 出纳核实现金数额 出纳按数额点钞 薄记员登账 封装现金 现金送到申请部门 根据请款单核点现金 签字确认 现金存入保险箱,搬运,检查,延迟,储存,7-17,Job Design,Worker-Machine Chart:,Accepts plastic bag from customer and places on scale,Enters price/lb,Calculates and
9、 displays total price. Dispenses price sticker,Obtains price sticker and removes bag,Places price sticker on bag,Hands bag to customer,Employee,Machine,7 87.5% 1 12.5%,1 12.5% 7 87.5%,Work Idle ,7-18,Job Design,人-机图:,从顾客手中接过塑料袋并把它放在价签机上,输入价格: $/lb,计算并显示总价，输出价签,拿取价签并取拿起散装食品,把价签贴到食品袋上,把散装食品递给顾客,服务人员,价
10、签机,7 87.5% 1 12.5%,1 12.5% 7 87.5%,工作 空闲,7-19,Job Design,Motion Study,ECRS Technique:,Eliminate unnecessary motions Combine activities Rearrange work procedures Simplify procedures,7-20,Job Design,动作研究,ECRS 四巧技术:,E去掉不必要的动作 C合并某些动作 R改变操作顺序 S简化某些操作,7-21,Job Design,10 Motion Study Principles:,The use o
11、f the human body The arrangement and conditions of the workplace The design of tools and equipment,7-22,Job Design,节约动作10原则:,身体各部位的使用 工作条件和场所的改变 工具和设备的设计变更,7-23,Job Design,Analysis of Therbligs:,Search Select Grasp Hold Transport load Release load Inspect Position Plan Rest Delay . ,7-24,Job Design,
12、动素:,寻找 选择 握取 持住 实运 放手 检查 对准 计划 休息 延迟 . ,7-25,Job Design,Work Conditions,Temperature & Humidity,Ventilation,Illumination,Color,7-26,Job Design,工作条件,温度和湿度,通风,照明,色彩,7-27,Job Design,Noise & Vibration,Causes of Accidents,Safety,Work Breaks,Work Conditions (contd),7-28,Job Design,噪声和震动,事故原因,安全,工作间隙,工作条件 (
13、续),7-29,Job Design,Job Design Trends,Quality control as part of the workers job. Cross-training workers to perform multiskilled jobs. Employee involvement and team approaches to designing and organizing work. Informing ordinary workers through telecommunication networks and computers. Extensive use
14、of temporary workers. Automation of heavy manual work. Organizational commitment to providing meaningful and rewarding jobs for all employees.,7-30,Job Design,工作研究的趋势,质量控制是工作的一个组成部分。 交叉培训工人以便从事多工种工作。 在设计和组织工作时，强度职员的参与和团队工作。 通过远程通讯网络和计算机使普通工人也尽可能多地了解信息。 强调临时工的使用。 对高负荷的劳动采用自动化手段。 强调组织在全体职员的激励方面的责任和重要性
15、。,7-31,Work Measurement,Standard Time,Standard Time: The amount of time it should take a qualified worker to complete a specified task, working at a sustainable rate, using given methods, tools and equipment, raw materials, and workplace arrangements,7-32,Work Measurement,标准时间,标准时间: 一个熟练的工人以稳定的作业进度，
16、使用给定的操作方法、工具和设备，使用给定的原材料，在一定的工作环境下为完成一个特定的作业所需的时间。,7-33,Work Measurement,Stopwatch Time Study,Put a chinaware into a delicacy box, envelop the box, and stack it up. How much are you willing to pay for each task accomplished?,7-34,Work Measurement,测表法,把一个小瓷瓶放入一个精美的包装盒里，然后封口，码放。 请问：包装一盒这样的礼品，您愿意付给工人多少钱？,7-35,Work Measurement,Step 1 Dividing the operation into eleme
