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1、1,Welcome to Introduction to Artificial Intelligence,Instructor: Wang xuetong,2,Instructor Wang Xuetong,Office: 208 10-515 Phone: 82310196-1019 E-Mail: ,3,Now back to Our Course:,Course Kit: Nils J. Nilsson, Artificial Intelligence: A New Synthesis, Morgan Kaufmann 1998. Stuart Russel, Artificial In
2、telligence: A Modern Approach, Pearson Education 2002. 蔡自兴，人工智能原理及应用，清华大学出版社，1998,4,Your Evaluation,software projects: 10% non-programming questions: 10% final exam 80%,5,AI The Movie, Many people will leave the cinema after seeing Spielbergs film AI and think all they saw will become reality soon.
3、So what is AI and how far has it got? The AI film was based on a story by Brian Aldiss Supertoys last all summer long written in 1969. Recently, he wrote: Brains are far more than mere computers Intelligence cannot exist without consciousness. Artificial consciousness: that sounds like a taller orde
4、r, and indeed it is. So what I believed in 1969 is what I do not believe in 2001 I,Robot机械公敌 机器人历险记 Robots,6,AI The History, AI is nearly as old as computing 1941 Konrad Zuse, Germany, general purpose computer 1943 Britain (Turing and others) Colossus, for decoding 1945 ENIAC, US. John von Neumann 1
5、956 Dartmouth Conference organized by John McCarthy (inventor of LISP) The term Artificial Intelligence was coined at Dartmouth, which was intended as a two month study.,7,AI Dartmouth,John McCarthy 1971 the Bill of Rights Simon 1975 Newell 1975 Minskey 1969 the brain happens to be a meat machine Ro
6、chster Shannon Feigenbaum 1994 In the Knowledge lies the power Raj Reddy 1994 陆汝铃 戴汝为 傅京孙 涂序彦 蔡自兴 钟义信 史忠植 石纯一,8,AI The Achievements, Robots make cars in all advanced countries. Reasonable machine translation is available for a large range of foreign web pages. Computers land 200 ton jumbo jets unaid
7、ed every few minutes. Search systems like Google are not perfect but provide very effective information retrieval Robots cut slots for hip joints better than surgeons. Deep blue beat Kasparov in 1997. Medical expert systems can outperform doctors in many areas of diagnosis. ,9,10,11,Human: hello! AL
8、ICE: Hi there! Human: My name is Li Xuancheng.And you? ALICE: Nice to meet you, Li Xuancheng. Human: What is your name please? ALICE: Your polite style is very nice. My name is ALICE. Human: Thanks!Glad to meet you! ALICE: You are quite welcome! Nice meeting you too. Human: May I ask you some questi
9、ons? ALICE: Sure ask me anything. Human: My Father has only one child.Can you tell me the name of the child? ALICE: How do you get along with your parents?,Chat with ALICE,12,Human: Well!Do you know the name of the child? ALICE: Well thats okay. IKEA. Human: No.Think it!My Father has only one child.
10、You know its name. ALICE: Are you serious? ALICE is always thinking. Human: So what is the name of my fathers only child? ALICE: Come on. I dont yet know that kind of personal information about you for certain. You could be deceiving me, so how could I know for sure. I could look it up on the intern
11、et. Human: My Father has only one child.It is me!So do you know the name? ALICE: How do you get along with your parents?,Chat with ALICE,13,Human: Fuck!You are fool. ALICE: Are you aware that the ALICE server logs and records all conversations? Human: Never mind. ALICE: Oh well thanks for trying to
12、explain it to me anyway. Human: The second question.Where is Lilys nose when Lily is in classroom? ALICE: I hear you. Human: Where is Lilys nose when Lily is in classroom? ALICE: Where it belongs. Does it have anything to do with Your rising sign?,Chat with ALICE,14,AI The Branches,Expert System Mac
13、hine Learning Language Comprehension Theorem Proving Robotics ANN DAI Game Theory Machine Evolution (Genetic Algorithm),15,AI The Branches, Computer Vision Literary and Artistic Creation Pattern Recognition Aritficial life,16,AI A Comment,Despite all these achievements, one of the major philosophers
14、 of Cognitive Science wrote recently: “ the failure of artificial intelligence to produce successful simulation of routine commonsense cognitive competences is notorious, not to say scandalous. We still dont have the fabled machine that can make breakfast without burning down the house; or the one t
15、hat can translate everyday English into everyday Italian, or the one that can summarize texts” (Jerry Fodor, The Mind doesnt Work that Way, 2000, p.37).,17,What is Artificial Intelligence?,AI, broadly defined, is concerned with intelligence behavior in artifacts. Intelligent behavior: perception, re
16、asoning, learning, communicating, acting in complex environments. Can Machine Think?,18,What is Artificial Intelligence?, The use of computer programs and programming techniques to cast light on the principles of intelligence in general and human thought in particular (Boden) The study of intelligence independent of its embodiment in humans, animals or
