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1、7A版优质实用文档TheAmericaneconomicsystemisorganizedaroundabasicallyprivate-enterprise,market-orientedeconomyinwhichconsumerslargelydeterminewhatshallbeproducedbyspendingtheirmoneyinthemarketplaceforthosegoodsandservicesthattheywantmost.Privatebusinessmen.strivingtomakeprofits,producethesegoodsandservicesi
2、ncompetitionwithotherbusinessmen;andtheprofitmotive,operatingundercompetitivepressures,largelydetermineshowthesegoodsandservicesareproduced.Thus,intheAmericaneconomicsystemitisthedemandofindividualconsumers,coupledwiththedesireofbusinessmentomaGimizeprofitsandthedesireofindividualstomaGimizetheirinc
3、omes,thattogetherdeterminewhatshallbeproducedandhowresourcesareusedtoproduceit.Animportantfactorinamarket-orientedeconomyisthemechanismbywhichconsumerdemandscanbeeGpressedandrespondedtobyproducers.IntheAmericaneconomy,thismechanismisprovidedbyapricesystem,aprocessinwhichpricesriseandfallinresponseto
4、relativedemandsofconsumersandsuppliesofferedbysellerproducers.Iftheproductisinshortsupplyrelativetothedemand,thepricewillbebidupandsomeconsumerswillbeeliminatedfromthemarket.If,ontheotherhand,producingmoreofacommodityresultsinreducingitscost,thiswilltendtoincreasethesupplyofferedbyseller-producers.w
5、hichinturnwilllowerthepriceandpermitmoreconsumerstobuytheproduct.Thus,priceistheregulatingmechanismintheAmericaneconomicsystem.Theimportantfactorinaprivate-enterpriseeconomyisthatindividualsareallowedtoownproductiveresources(privateproperty),andtheyarepermittedtohirelabor,gaincontrolovernaturalresou
6、rces,andproducegoodsandservicesforsaleataprofit.IntheAmericaneconomy,theconceptofprivatepropertyembracesnotonlytheownershipofproductiveresourcesbutalsocertainrights,includingtherighttodeterminethepriceofaproductortomakeafreecontractwithanotherprivateindividual.51.InLine7,Para.1,thedesireofindividual
7、stomaGimizetheirincomesmeans_.AAmericansareneversatisfiedwiththeirincomesBAmericanstendtooverstatetheirincomesCAmericanswanttohavetheirincomesincreasedDAmericanswanttoincreasethepurchasingpoweroftheirincomes52.Thefirsttwosentencesinthesecondparagraphtellusthat_.Aproducerscansatisfytheconsumersbymech
8、anizedproductionBconsumerscaneGpresstheirdemandsthroughproducersCproducersdecidethepricesofproductsDsupplyanddemandregulateprices53.Accordingtothepassage,aprivate-enterpriseeconomyischaracterizedby_.AprivatepropertyandrightsconcernedBmanpowerandnaturalresourcescontrolCownershipofproductiveresourcesD
9、freecontractsandprices54.Thepassageismainlyabout_.AhowAmericangoodsareproducedBhowAmericanconsumersbuytheirgoodsChowAmericaneconomicsystemworksDhowAmericanbusinessmenmaketheirprofits答案：DDACOnehundredandthirteenmillionAmericanshaveatleastonebank-issuedcreditcard.Theytheirownersautomaticcreditinstores
10、,restaurants,andhotels,athome,acrossthecountry,andevenabroad,andtheymakemanybankingservicesavailableaswell.Moreandmoreofthesecreditcardscanbereadautomatically,makingitpossibletowithdrawordepositmoneyinscatteredlocations,whetherornotthelocalbranchbankisopen.Formanyofusthecashlesssocietyisnotonthehori
11、zon-itsalreadyhere.Whilecomputersoffertheseconveniencestoconsumers.theyhavemanyadvantagesforsellerstoo.Electroniccashregisterscandomuchmorethansimplyringupsales.Theycankeepawiderangeofrecords,includingwhosoldwhat,when,andtowhom.Thisinformationallowsbusinessmentokeeptrackoftheirlistofgoodsbyshowingwh
12、ichitemsarebeingsoldandhowfasttheyaremoving.Decisionstoreorderorreturngoodstosupplierscanthenbemade.Atthesametimethesecomputersrecordwhichhoursarebusiestandwhichemployeesarethemostefficient,allowingpersonnelandstaffingassignmentstobemadeaccordingly.Andtheyalsoidentifypreferredcustomersforpromotional
13、campaigns.Computersarereliedonbymanufacturersforsimilarreasons.Computer-analyzedmarketingreportscanhelptodecidewhichproductstoemphasizenow,whichtodevelopforthefuture,andwhichtodrop.Computerskeeptrackofgoodsinstock,ofrawmaterialsonhand,andevenoftheproductionprocessitself.Numerousothercommericalenterp
14、rises,fromtheaterstomagazinepublishers,fromgasandelectricutilitiestomilkprocessors,bringbetterandmoreefficientservicestoconsumersthroughtheuseofcomputers.55.Accordingtothepassage,thecreditcardenablesitsownerto_.AwithdrawasmuchmoneyfromthebankashewishesBobtainmoreconvenientservicesthanotherpeopledoCe
15、njoygreatertrustfromthestorekeeperDcashmoneywhereverhewishesto56.Fromthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphwelearnthat_.AinthefuturealltheAmericanswillusecreditcardsBcreditcardsaremainlyusedintheUnitedStatestodayCnowadaysmanyAmericansdonotpayincashDitisnowmoreconvenienttousecreditcardsthanbefore57.Thephraseringupsales(Line2,Para.2)mostprobablymeans_AmakeanorderofgoodsBrecordsalesonacashregisterCcallthesalesmanagerDkeeptrackofthegoodsinstock58.Whatisthispassagemainlyabout?AApproachestothecommercialuseofcomput
