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1、Understanding each other,Unit 3,Grammar and usage,Objectives,To learn to identify an unreal conditional in a sentence To learn the forms of unreal conditionals To learn when to use the unreal conditionals To learn how to use the unreal conditionals,语法讲解建议采用归纳法，如尽可能多的呈现一些相关例句，或可让学生从已学课文中找相应例句，引导学生试着从
2、所观察到的语言现象中总结出语言规则和语法规律。,Unreal conditionals 虚拟语气,And you probably much sleep if you near where a wedding reception was being held. 如果你住的地方离婚礼现场不远，你很可能睡不好。,wouldnt get,lived,Unreal conditionals,Read the points and examples on Pages 40-41 carefully to get a general idea of unreal conditionals. Please
3、pay attention to the following notes.,英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，而不表示客观存在的事实，所说的是一个条件，不一定是事实，或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。,If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. (事实上我不知道),2)If I were you, I would take an umbrella. (事实上我不可能是你),3)If there were no air or water, there would be
4、 no living things on the earth. (事实上地球上即有空气又有水),我们用虚拟语气陈述现在不真实或想象的情景。,Notes,We form unreal present conditionals like this:,If was/were/did , should /would/could/might do ,假如现在我有更多的时间，我就会学习德语。,If I had more time now, I would study German.,2. 要是我象你一样年轻，我就会找时间锻炼。,If I were/was young as you, I would fin
5、d time to exercise.,1) would, could and might are often interchangeable(可互换的), but with some difference in meaning.,would intention; plan,could ability; possibility,might probability,2) In written English or in formal situation, we usually use were in If-clauses in place of was. However, in everyday
6、 conversation, was is often used.,TIP,1)If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her. (事实上我去晚了),2)If he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. (事实上没有听),我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在过去的动作。,Notes,3)If you had rung me yesterday, I would have told you what we were going to do yesterday
7、 evening. (事实上没有打电话),We form unreal past conditionals like this:,If had been/done , would/should/could/might have done ,1) 如果他抓紧时间，他本来能赶上那趟火车。,If he had hurried, he could have caught the train.,2) 如果你昨天告诉他，他也许会提些建议了。,If you had told him yesterday, he might have made some suggestions.,1) If I had tim
8、e tomorrow, I would certainly help you.,2) If I were to fail my Maths test, I would have to take it again at the end of the term.,3) If he should come tomorrow, I would talk to him about it.,我们用虚拟语气表示想象中发生在将来的情景。,Notes,4) If there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating.,We form unrea
9、l future conditionals like this:,If was/were/did/should/were to , should/would/could/might do ,1) 假如我要出国，我就会去法国。,If I were to go abroad, I would go to France.,2) 万一明天下雨，我们的郊游就推迟。,If it should rain tomorrow, our picnic would be put off.,We can also put should, were and had at the beginning of an unre
10、al conditional sentence. In this case, if is not needed any more.,If you should make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed., Should you make a mistake, you should not be embarrassed.,TIP,2) If you had told me earlier, I would not have this problem now., Had you told me earlier, I would not have t
11、his problem now.,3) If you were to take the train, you would be there much sooner., Were you to take the train, you would be there much sooner.,TIP,We can also use could + the present perfect in if clauses for unreal conditionals.,If I could have told you about cultural differences between Italy and
12、 the UK, I would have.,1)从句的动作与过去事实相反，而主句 的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实 不符。 2)从句的动作与现在事实相反，而主句 的动作与过去事实不符。,有时，虚拟条件句中，结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时，虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。,Eg. If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话，我现在也会成为一个工程师了。 If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话
13、，我们现在就不会来这里了。,Eg. If he were free today, we would have sent him to Beijing. 如果他今天有空的话，我们会已经派他去北京了。 If he knew her, he would have greeted her. 要是他认识她的话，他肯定会去问候她了。,Reflection time,Fill in the table.,Ifwas/ were/did,would/should/ could/might do,Ifhad/ been/done,would/should/could might have done,Ifwas/
14、were/ did/were to/ should do,would/should/ could/might do,请点击,2011高考链接,I _through that bitter period without your generous help. (陕西) A. couldnt have gone B. didnt go C. wouldnt go D. hadnt gone 2. They _ have arrived at lunchtime but their flight was delayed. (全国) A. will B. can C. must D. should,3
15、. Where are the children? The dinners going to be completely ruined. I wish they _ always late. (北京) A. werent B. hadnt been C. wouldnt be D. wouldnt have been 4. Maybe if I _ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help. (北京) A. studied B. would study C. had studied D. wa
16、s studying,Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade (消防队).,will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed,Quiz I: Multiple choice.,2. The business is risky. But _, we would be rich. A. should we succeed B. we should succeed C. might we succeed D. would we succeed,3
