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1、,North American Learning Curve The Way,Forward for China Shale Gas Using Urban Drilling Methodologies and Processes,Outline,Urban Drilling Project Lifecycle (Barnett Shale Case Study), ,Identify & acquire rights to drill site Acquire mineral rights surrounding drill site Acquire subsurface seismic d
2、ata Formulate development drilling plan Permit wells and facilities Drill wells Complete wells Install facilities Produce natural gas, ,Haynesville Shale Marcellus Shale What it means to China Closing Comments,Shale,Shale,Shale Plays Marcellus Shale New Albany Shale Fayetteville,Haynesville Shale,Wo
3、odford,Shale Floyd Shale Barnett Shale Barnett / Woodford,Eagleford Shale,Barnett Shale IndustryOverview,Average over 3.5 Bcfe/d 30% annual, ,increase Average household uses 1 Mcf each month Over 1,200 new completions reported in 2008. Number has come down due to NatGas pricing, ,Major activity focu
4、sed on Tarrant, Johnson, Parker, Denton, Wise,Hood, Hill and Erath counties Peaked at 5 BCFD 2012,Jack Palo Pinto Erath,Hamilton,Bosque,Hill,Wise Parker Hood Somervell,Denton Tarrant Ft. Worth Johnson,The “gold standard” of gas shale,development is the Barnett Shale, Fort WorthBasin of North Texas.,
5、The Barnett Shale gas play introduced the,wide-scale use of intensively stimulated (hydraulicallyfractured) horizontal wells which have enabled deep gas shales to become economically productive.,The Barnett Shale (Newark East field) has,already produced 7 Tcf from nearly 14,000 wells.,The Barnett Sh
6、ale/Newark East is today,the largest natural gas field in the U.S.,Barnett Shale: Background,Parker,Barnett Shale Wells drilled and completed Wise Jack Denton Tarrant,Breitling leases Industrycompletion Hood Johnson Somervell Erath Hill,Ft. Worth,Regional Geology,WEST, ,Barnett Shale overlies Ellenb
7、ergerformation Ellenbergeris water- bearing in this area Geologicfeatures such a faults allow potential communication between Barnett and Ellenberger Viola formation acts as,barrier between Barnett and Ellenberger Productive Area,Urban Drilling,Development of this resource is not possible without ho
8、rizontal,drillingtechnology,Urban Drilling Tarrant County, Texas,Barnett Shale Urban Project Lifecycle, ,Identify & acquire rights to drill site Acquire mineral rights surrounding drill site Acquire subsurface seismic data Formulate development drillingplan Permit wells and facilities Drill wells Co
9、mplete wells Install facilities Produce natural gas!,Urban Drilling - Project Leasing, ,Once geologic model confirms area as prospective Breitlinguses company and third party land professionals to coordinate mineral leasing In urban areas, drill site acquisition most difficult - NIMBY Typicallybusin
10、ess or PLM degreed individuals Mineral leasing Negotiate the “lease” of minerals which gives operator the right to drill and produce the minerals under property Lease bonus paid to lessor (mineral owner) up front when lease is signed; in Barnett as high as $6,000 for 0.2 acre lot Royalty typically 2
11、5% of all gas produced by lessee (Breitling); 2 4 times the lease bonus over life of well Lease in effect as long as well produces,Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle, ,Identify & acquire rights to drill site Acquire mineral rights surrounding drill site Acquire subsurface seismic data Formulate develop
12、ment drillingplan Permit wells and facilities Drill wells Complete wells Install facilities Produce natural gas!,Barnett Shale,3D Seismic, ,Uses sound waves to create an image of subsurface Mathematical model of how quickly various subsurface formations reflect waves created by seismic source Receiv
13、ers are placed all around source allowing modeling in 3 dimensions,3D Seismic,Faults,Barnett Urban Project Lifecycle, ,Identify & acquire rights to drill site Acquire mineral rights surrounding drill site Acquire subsurface seismic data Formulate development drilling plan Permit wells and facilities
14、 Drill wells Complete wells Install facilities Produce natural gas!,Development Planning, ,Engineers model projected reserves from each well Analysis of geology from other nearby wells How much gas is in-place and how much of it can each well produce Engineers estimate the cost to drill and complete
15、 the wells (AFE) Engineers run economics to assess project viability Use computer modeling Requires understanding of commodity market (natural gas) Engineers get management approval to spend capital,Urban Drilling - Project Permitting, ,Breitlingproject engineers coordinate Workclosely with local municipality to secure approval to drill Work with local stakeholders to deal with “anti-fracking” sentiment and perceived impact to communities Usually requires approval of city planning staff and
