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1、,Rebecca,TOEFL iBT SPEAKING 托福口语TASK4,Task 4,General introduction: An integrated task reading listening speaking Academic subject but no prior knowledge of any academic field are required,Reading (75-100 words and will disappear after; 40-45“ to read) Listening (conversation on same topic with pictu
2、re; 1-1.5 to listen) Speaking (combine info. in two sources; no personal ideas 30“ to prepare & 60“ to speak),Task 4,1. Reading section (the foundation for listening and answering ),What to read in T4: A concept of a general principle and specific examples; OR A problem and respects about it/ ways t
3、o solve it.,带着一个“概念是什么，现象是什么”的想法来阅读,Academic subject sciences & arts, 多为日常生活中的人文、科学常识。难度适中。 1. life science（生命科学）:the study of living organisms, such as biology, medicine, or ecology. potentiality ; how to store food 2. social science（社会科学）: the study of human society. perception 3. physical science
4、（自然科学）: the study of the nature and nonliving matter, such as physics, chemistry, or geology. secondary ecological succession（二级生态演替） 4. humanity（人文科学）: the study of human thought and culture, such as philosophy, literature, and art. visual elements ; movie,Academic subject sciences & arts,题目出现的比例：
5、最多为人文科学( 60%以上) 社会学和生命学中等(20%左右) 自然科学极少 (less than 10%),Reading example 1,One of the most persistent desires of human beings has been to indulge in mood-changing and pleasure-giving practices. For instance, diverse cultures have engaged in the drinking of alcoholic beverage of all descriptions. But
6、as with most pleasure, overindulgence can be harmful to oneself and others. Also, not everyone agrees that drinking or using other mood modifiers should be an accepted pleasure.,Reading example 1,One of the most persistent desires of human beings has been to indulge in mood-changing and pleasure-giv
7、ing practices. For instance, diverse cultures have engaged in the drinking of alcoholic beverage of all descriptions. But as with most pleasure, overindulgence can be harmful to oneself and others. Also, not everyone agrees that drinking or using other mood modifiers should be an accepted pleasure.,
8、Desires : mood-changing + pleasure-giving eg. drinking over not 人人 accept,cautions,根据上下文猜测生词！（context） 1.抓住文中认识的尤其是认识的主要动词，据此来推断周围的生词的大意。 2.例推法: 根据文章中的例子来推其前面的重要词汇。 3.比较连接词, 推断前后信息. Although, by, including, when, so that 读通文意比记笔记更重要！ 重要信息一般出现在signal words之后！,2. Listening section (additional info. fo
9、r answering ),What to listen in T4: A brief lecture in which a professor gives more examples or details.,cautions,根据信号词推断逻辑和次重点！ 1. one, another, first, second, next, generally（结构） 2. essential, important, key, main, necessary, primary, significant, especially （次重点） 3. cause, consequence, effect, ex
10、ample, problem, reason, result, characteristic, feature, function, idea, point, quality . （重点细节） 抓大意在先，探细节在后。不要在小词上纠缠 有听不懂的关键名词，记下模糊发音或用代号,听的时候，带着“老师用什么例子来进行说明”这个问题去听,3. Speaking section (combine info. in 2 sources; no personal ideas ),What to speak in T4: 描述阅读材料中涉及的概念（如果没有，自己总结） 解释听力材料中的例子 听力听得较好可以
11、选择不回答阅读内容（互补）,General format,The lecture is about + 授课主题, referring to + 主题定义 10 The professor gives the example of + 具体内容（1/2点） 50 In the first example, he states that./First of all, he points out that. (The second point is that./ The professor also says that.),Case study 1,Narrator Now read the pa
12、ssage about social interaction. You have 45 seconds to read the passage. Begin reading now.,Explanation,Notes for reading,social interac: influ. on beha. presence of others affect eg. audience effects affected if know they r visible/watched,Narrator Now listen to part of a talk in a sociology class.
13、 The professor is discussing audience effects.,Notes of listening,Interaction: impact on behav. Know being watched perform speed 1. Tie shoes with laces 2. Learn new things: typing But, more mistakes,When the dialogue ended, the picture of the students will be replaced by the following:,The question
14、 will then appear on your computer screen and will also read by the narrator.,整理笔记，最终开口,T(according to the reading): audience effects affected if they know being watched Example 1: tying shoes, 1 group knew, type faster, 1 not. Example 2: learning to type faster, but mistakes,The principle of audien
15、ce effects is that individuals performance is affected by the knowledge that others are watching them. The professor uses examples of tying shoes and learning to type to demonstrate that we actually increase our speed of performing if we know that we are being observed. In the example of tying shoes
16、, one group of college students was told that they were being observed, the other didnt know they were being observed. The students who knew they were being watched tied their shoes much faster than the other group. And in the example of learning to type, when we are conscious of being observed, we will increase typing speed. We type faster than we do alone. Also, other behavioral pattern will increase, like making mistakes. So wh
