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1、1,Improving Gas Well Drilling and Completion with High Energy Lasers,Total Footage Drilled,(Millions of Feet),Total Wells Drilled,Per Year (000),2,Drilling for Oil and Gas in the US Oil and Gas Wells Drilled, 1985-2000 Exploratory and Development,100 50 0,300 250,350,85,86,87,88,89,90,91,92,93,94,95
2、,96,97,98,99,00,20 10 0,50 200 40 150 30,70 60,80,Total Footage Drilled (Oil, Gas, & Dry Holes) Petroleum Total Wells Completed,Dollars per Foot,Depth (ft),3,Drilling for Oil and Gas in the US,0,20,40,80 60,140 120 100,1959,1964,1969,1974,1979,1984,1989,1994,Average Cost per Foot,Average Depth per W
3、ell,Estimated Cost Per Foot and Average Depth Per Well of All Wells,(Oil, Gas and Dry) Drilled Onshore in,the U.S. from 1959 - 1999 (DeGolyer and MacNaughton, 2000),7000 6000 5000,4000 3000,2000,1000,0,Year,4,Drilling for Oil and Gas in the US,!,1990 GRI Study on Drilling Costs,Major Categories Maki
4、ng Hole Changing Bits And Steel Casing Well & Formation Characteristics,% of Total Time 48 27 25,Total Drilling Time,100%,.,5,High-energy Laser Applications,Lasers could play a significant role,as a vertical,boring &,perforating tool in,gas well drilling,System Vision,! ! !,Laser on surface or withi
5、n drilling tubing applies infrared energy to the working face of the borehole. The downhole assembly includes sensors that measure standard geophysical formation information, as well as imaging of the borehole wall, all in real time. Excavated material is circulated to the surface as solid particles
6、 6,7,System Vision,! !,When desired, some or all of the excavated material is melted and forced into and against the wall rock. The ceramic thus formed can replace the steel casing currently used to line well bores to stabilize the well and to control abnormal pressures.,8,System Vision,! !,When the
7、 well bore reaches its target depth, the well is completed by using the same laser emergy to perforate through the ceramic casing. All this is done in one pass without removing the drill string from the hole.,9,Laser Product Development LASER BASIC RESEARCH,Laser FE,Laser Drilling Assist,Laser Perf,
8、10,Off Ramp: Perforating Tool,! ! !,Proposal Submitted to Service Industry Partner Purpose Complete or re-complete existing well using laser energy Requirements Durable, reliable laser system Energy delivery system Purpose designed downhole assembly,11,Preliminary Feasibility Study,! ! !,Laser Drill
9、ing Experiments 11/97 Basic Research 2 years Three High-Powered Military Lasers Chemical Oxygen Iodine Laser (COIL) Mid Infra-Red Advanced Chemical Laser (MIRACL) CO2Laser Various Rock Types Studied Sandstone, Limestone, Shale Granite, Concrete, Salt,12,MIRACL Simulated Perf Shot,A two-inch laser be
10、am is sent to the side of a sandstone sample to simulate a horizontal drilling application.,13,MIRACL Simulated Borehole Shot,After a four-second exposure to the beam, a hole is blasted,through the sandstone sample, removing six pounds of material.,GRI-Funded Study Conclusions,! ! ! ! !,Previous Lit
11、erature Overestimated SE Existing Lasers Able to Penetrate All Rock Laser/Rock Interactions Are a Function of Rock and Laser (Spall, Melt or Vaporize) Secondary Effects Reduce Destruction Melt Sheaths Similar to Ceramic Study Conclusions Indicate Additional Research is Warranted 14,15,Laser Drilling
12、 Team Phase I,Gas Technology Institute,DOE NETL,Argonne National Laboratory,Colorado School of Mines,Parker Geoscience Consulting,Halliburton Energy Services,PDVSA-Intevep, S.A,16,Drilling With The Power Of Light,!,Quarter,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,Quarter,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,1,2,3,4,Task 1. Project Struc
13、ture and Management Task 2. Fundamental Research,2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7,Laser cutting energy assessment series Variable Pulse Laser Effects Drilling Under Insitu Conditions Rock-Melt Lining Stability GasStorage Stimulation Laser Induced Rock Fracturing Model Laser Drilling Engineering,Issue Ide
14、ntification Task 3. System Design Integration,3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6,SolidsControl Pressure Control Bottom-hole Assembly High Energy Transmission Completion and Stimulation Techniquesfor GasWell Drilling Completion and Stimulation,Techniquesfor GasStorage Wells Task 4. Data Synthesisand Interpretat
15、ion Task 5. Integration and Reporting Task 6. Milestones,Task 7.Technology Transfer,Year 3,Year 2,Year 1,DOE Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-00NT40917 Original Proposed Tasks and Timeline TABLE 3: WORK TASK TIMELINES,2001,2002,2003,2000,17,First Phase (FY-01) Objectives,!,Quarter,4,1,2,3,Quarter,1,2,3
16、,4,1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4,Project Structure and Management Laser cutting energy assessment series Variable Pulse Laser Effects Conduct Lasing Through Liquids Topical Report,Year 1,2001,2000,Accepted Phase 1 Task List 1. Laser cutting energy assessment 2. Variable pulse laser effects (Nd:YAG) 3. Lasing through liquids TABLE 3: WORK TASK TIMELINES,Rock,Gas Purge,Phase I Laser: 1.6 kW Nd:YAG Neodymium Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG) Focusing Optics Coaxial,Laser Beam
