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1、English Basic verb Tenses (时态) & Voices(语态）,时态和语态的主要考点 1、考查在语境中判断动词时态的运用能力。常考的时态为：一般现在时、现在进行时、现在完成时、现在完成进行时、 一般将来时、将来进行时，将来完成时 一般过去时、过去进行时、过去完成时、 过去将来时等。 2、时间、条件、让步等状语从句中动词的时态； 主从句时态呼应问题。 3、延续性动词和终止性动词的用法区别。 4、及物动词（vt.)的被动语态。 5、某些以主动形式表被动意义的动词的用法。,1)表经常性、习惯性的动作或状态，常与表示 频率的时间状语连用，如always, often/ usua
2、lly/frequently, sometimes, every, at ,on Sundays/.,动词的时态 （ Tenses) Fill in the blanks. I _ (study) hard abroad every day and I _ (get) along well with my roommates, but sometimes I _ (miss) my families.,study,get,miss,. 一. 一般现在时 ( The Present Indefinite ),Correct the sentence. The geography teacher
3、told us that the earth moved around the sun. _ 2)表客观事实、普遍真理。 注意：主语为第三人称单数（he/she/it或单个的人名、单个的事物名称）谓语动词+s/es,其余人称作主语谓语动词用原形.,moves,The shop will close at 9:00 p.m. _ 3) 表示按计划、规定，时间表将要发生的动作或存在的状态, 一般用于, come, go, start, begin, leave, arrive, return等位移/终止性动词，常与时间状语连用 The train leaves at 6 tomorrow morn
4、ing. When does the bus start? It starts in 2 minutes.,closes,一般现在时的典型例句 Professor Williams keeps telling his students that the future belongs to the welleducated. If it rains tomorrow, I wont go there. 3. Remember to send me a photo of us next time you write to me. 注意一些特殊的连词 until, as soon as , the
5、moment, immediately ; as long as ,unless 4. There comes the bus.汽车来了 There goes the bell.铃响了,二. 现在进行时(The Present Continuous Tense),2) 表示目前这段时间内正在进行的动作, 但说话时动作未必正在进行。,We _ (have) English class now.,are having,She _ (learn) piano under Mr. Smith at present.,is learning,1) 表示现在这个时刻( 指说话时)正在发生的事情。,Tran
6、slate the sentence. 这个女孩老是在公共场所高谈阔论。,The girl is always talking loud in public.,进行时态与always, often/usually/ frequently/ constantly/all the time等频度副词连用，表经常反复的行动或说话人赞叹或厌恶等感情色彩 .,3) 现在进行时用来表示按计划即将发生的 动作,多用于位移/终止性动词,如: come, go, arrive, leave, stay, fly, take off. I_ (leave) tomorrow. _ you _ (stay) her
7、e till next week?,am leaving,Are,staying,4.现在进行时可以表示现在不断发展变化的事情。 Its late Autumn. The weather is getting colder and colder.,Correct the sentence.,All the students here is belonging to No.1 Middle School. _,belong,(1)表心理状态、情感的动词：like, love, hate, care, remember, believe, want, mind, agree, mean, need
8、 (2) 表存在的状态动词：have, appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, belong to, depend on。 (3) 瞬间动词：begin/start, allow, accept, permit, promise, admit, complete。 (4)感官动词：see, hear, notice, feel, smell, sound, taste, look。,【注意】 一般情况下，下面4类动词无进行时态：,现在进行时典型句型 He is always asking me the same question.Thats boring！ 2. -
9、Do you work here？ -No，Im just helping out until the new secretary comes.,现在进行时和一般现在时的比较,暂时性动作和经常性动作 The computer is working perfectly. 计算机运转得很好。（暂时） The computer works perfectly. 计算机运转很好。（一直如此） 持续性动作和短暂性动作 The bus is stopping. 车停了下来。（渐渐地） The bus stops. 车停了。（迅速）,暂时性动作和永久性动作 She is living in the coun
10、try. 她现在住在农村。（暂时） She lives in the country. 她住在农村。（永久） 有感情色彩和没有感情色彩 He is doing well at school. 他在学校表现很好。（赞扬） He does well at school. 他在学校表现很好。（一般事实）,三. 现在完成时(The present Perfect Tense),1). 现在完成时表示从过去开始，一直延续到 现在的动作或状态, 通常用于延续性动词. 常与表一段时间的状语连用,如:so far, up to/till now, lately/recently, in/during/over
11、 the last/past , since, for 等,He _ (live) in Guiyang over the past 6 years.,has lived,2).说话前发生的一次或多次的动作，成为了一种经历，表示过去的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果,常用的时间状语有: just ,already, yet, ever, never, once，twice，many times等. We _ (finish) our lunch already. _ you ever _ (try) this method?,have finished,Have,tried,注意：,I have
12、 received his letter for a month. I havent received his letter for almost a month.,非延续性/瞬间/终止性动词的否定形式可以与表示一段时间的状语连用于完成时态中，即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。 如：begin/start, find, see, marry, buy，borrow, return, die, get等。,（错）,（对）,Lets practice,1.Daniel _ (live) in Beijing since he came to China. 2.The boys are tired.
13、They _ (just play) a ball game. 3. I went to Egypt in 1986. Then in 2004 I went there again. I _ (be) to Egypt twice.,has lived,have just played,have been,since和for 填空,since +_ , 用来说明动作起始时间 for+_ , 用来说明动作延续时间。 I have lived here _ at least twenty years. I have lived here _ I was born.,时间点,时间段,for,sin
14、ce,现在完成时典型句型 My brother has never been abroad before. It is/has been three years since he joined the army. 3. In (over ) the past 10 years, our school have changed a lot . 4. It is the first time that I have been there. 5. Howard is one of the most famous explorers the world has ever known.,语篇填空,Wel
15、come to our school. Id like to introduce you plans for our school. A lot of work 1 _(do)in the past few years. The library 2 _ (complete) and is ready for use. But we still have to do more work.,1. 由时间状语in the past few years可知。 2. 根据is ready for use可推出。,has been done,has been completed,固定的特殊句型： 1).It is (has been) +一段时间 +since-clause. 2)This (That/It) is the first (second) time + that-clause (现在完成时).,Tips:,Multiple choice - Hi, Tracy, you look tired. - I am tired. I _ the living room all day. A. painted B. had painted C. have been painting D. have painte
