《外贸函电-insurance管理精品资料》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《外贸函电-insurance管理精品资料（52页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、Unit Twelve Insurance,What is the purpose of insurance?,house against fire. You can insure your car against accident/theft. nose against harm. life insurance. health insurance. You can effect a endowment insurance.养老保险 accident insurance. burglary and robbery insurance.,风险： risks, perils total loss
2、损失：losses particular average partial loss (单独海损） general average （共同海损） 险别：risks, perils, coverages 保险公司按照不同险别包括的风险所造成的损失和发生的费用承担赔偿责任，所以在保险业务中风险、损失和险别三者有着紧密的联系，为此，我们对保险公司所能承保的风险与损失的种类和内容必须有准确的理解。,Risks in Cargo Transportation,Risks in cargo transportation are of many kinds. Different risks mean diff
3、erent losses And different risks are covered by different insurance clauses and different insurance clauses mean different premiums保险费 . So we need to have a good understanding of the different risks and losses before we know how to effect insurance. In marine cargo transportation insurance, risks f
4、all into perils of the sea海难 and extraneous risks外来风险.,Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation Perils and risks风险,1.Perils of the Sea海难/海上风险 Natural calamities海上发生的自然灾害 Fortuitous accidents意外事故 2.Extraneous risks外来风险 General extraneous risks Special extraneous risks,Part 1. Perils and Losses in Oc
5、ean Transportation,Perils and risks kinds of perils 风险种类 In marine insurance, perils are generally of two kinds. 1. Perils of the sea 海上风险（又称海难） （1）Natural calamities 海上发生的自然灾害 Natural calamities cover vile weather(恶劣气候)，thunder and lightening(雷电)，tsunami(海啸， tidal waves), earthquake, floods and oth
6、er irresistible disasters.（不可抗拒的灾害）,Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation,（2） Fortuitous accidents 意外事故 Fortuitous accidents mainly include ship stranded (搁浅), striking a rock, ship sinking(沉没), ship collision(互撞), colliding with icebergs or other objects, fire, explosion and ship missin
7、g and other accidents with sea characteristics.,Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation,2. Extraneous risks 外来风险 Extraneous risks refer to risks outside perils of the sea. （1）General extraneous risks 一般外来风险 General extraneous risks include theft, breakage, leakage, contamination, sweat and
8、 heating(受潮受热), taint of odor(串味), hook damage(钩损), shortage(短量) and rust(锈损),Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation,（2）Special extraneous risks 特殊外来风险 Special extraneous risks refer to risks resulting from military affairs, political and administrative rules such as war, strikes, failure
9、 to deliver(交货不到), rejection(拒绝收货),Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation,Ocean average 海损 When used for insurance, the word average has not the usual meaning. Average means loss sustained in sea transportation. According to the extent of the loss, it is divided into total loss and partia
10、l loss. （1） Total loss 全损 Total loss means all the goods insured suffered loss.,Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation,（2） Partial loss 部分损失 A partial loss is any loss other than a total loss. A partial loss may include a particular average loss(单独海损), a general average loss(共同海损) and par
11、ticular charges(特殊收费). Thus there are two distinct types of partial loss. （）Particular average loss It is the accidental意外的 damage to part of the cargo. The average (damage) is not caused by deliberate act of a person for the common benefit and that loss must be borne exclusively by the owner of the
12、 property suffering the loss and is termed a particular average. 单独海损是指被保险货物遭受海损后，其损失未达到全损程度，而且是无共同海损性质的部分损失，应由受损方单独承担。,Part 1. Perils and Losses in Ocean Transportation,（）General average loss 共同海损 A loss may be accidental意外的 or intentional人为的. A general average loss is caused intentionally, and suc
13、h a loss is beneficial to others, then those who have benefited should share that loss. Thus a general average loss is a loss resulting from a voluntary sacrifice or expenditure in time of peril, for the safety of hull, cargo and freight.（共同海损是指在发生危险时，为了船舶、货物和运输的安全作出自愿牺牲或为此付出费用所引起的损失。） 共同海损是指载货船舶在海运
14、途中遇到危及船货的共同危险，船方为了维护船舶和所有货物的共同安全或使航程继续完成，有意识地并合理地作出某些特殊牺牲或支付一定的特殊费用，这些特殊牺牲和费用叫做共同海损。,Part 2. Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses (CIC) 海洋运输货物保险条款（中国保险条款）,Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of the Peoples Insurance Company of China was constituted in 1972 and revised in 1976 and 1981. There
15、 are mainly two types of insurance coverage: basic coverage (基本险) and additional coverage(附加险)。 Basic coverage mainly includes FPA(平安险),WPA(水渍险) and All Risks. Additional coverage includes general additional coverage and special additional coverage.,Part 2. Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insura
16、nce Clauses (CIC),Basic marine insurance coverage 1. FPA( free from particular average)平安险 FPA is a limited form of cargo insurance cover under which partial loss or damage resulted from natural calamities is not recoverable, unless these natural calamities occur before or after fortuitous accidents.意外事故 It provides coverage for total losses and general average.共同海损,Part 2. Ocean Marine Cargo Clauses of China Insurance Clauses (
