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1、反渗透（RO） 培训2013年3月,北京碧化科技有限公司,简介：膜/反渗透 及其应用An INTRODUCTION TOMEMEBRANE / REVERSE OSMOSIS & ITS BEST PRACTICE,（交叉流/膜）过滤方法Cross Flow Filtration Methods,膜构造 Membrane Configurations,螺旋口 Spiral Wound中空纤维 Hollow Fiber管状 Tubular,膜系统 Membrane System,反渗透 Reverse Osmosis,术语表 Glossary of Terms,Concentrate or re
2、ject 浓缩 或 损失/ 未渗 透Permeate or product 渗透 或 产物Percent recovery 回收率Percent salt rejection 盐损率 / 抗盐率,反渗透基理,两步骤 RO系统 Two-Stage RO System,元件 ELEMENTS,RO 设备 Typical RO Machine,膜对比 Membrane Comparisons,离子通过 Typical Passage of Ions,* TFC element rated for a 95% NaCl rejection,RO的优势What Are the Advantages of
3、 RO ?,去除非离子杂质和溶解的固体（如：有机物，无水硅酸，细菌）Removes nonionic impurities and dissolved solids (i.e. organics, silica, bacteria)减少了危险的化学品存储和与离子交换相关的操Reduction of hazardous chemical storage and handling associated with ion exchange减少了离子交换系统的装载 Reduces loading on ion exchange systems:延长运行周期 Extends run lengths延长树
4、脂寿命 Extends resin life降低操作成本 Reduces operating costs,RO的劣势What Are the Disadvantages of RO?,25%的进水未被渗透 25% of feed stream is rejected渗透的5%TDS 对HP锅炉不足 5% TDS in permeate inadequate for HP boilers最终过滤器易被堵塞 Ultimate filter which is easily fouled : - 提高操作成本 Increasing operating costs- 降低树脂寿命 Reducing me
5、mbrane life,操作成本细分 Typical Operating Cost Breakdown,反渗透膜的问题 RO Membrane Problems,Fouling 污垢 微生物，残渣/泥沙，脏物，有机物，金属氧化物Microbio, silt, crud, organics, metal oxidesScaling 水锈天然盐 Mineral salts无水硅酸 Silica水解和降解 Hydrolysis or DegradationpH, Temperature, oxidants, biodegradation,离子污垢 Iron Fouling,微生物污垢 Microbi
6、ological Fouling,无水硅酸污垢 Silica Fouling,矿物水锈 Mineral Scale,膜退化/降解 Membrane Degradation,膜问题造成的结果 Results of Membrane Problems,水质降低 Reduced water quality运行周期缩短 Shorter run lengths提早更换膜 Premature membrane replacement运行成本提高 Higher operating costs,厂商要求 Typical Manufacturers Requirements,NS - Not Specified
7、,膜的水解因素 Hydrolysis Factors of RO Membranes,CA MEMBRANES 微生物生长率Microbio growth present pH levels 5.0 - 6.5 温度 Temperatures 35 oC Exposed to direct sunlight,TFC MEMBRANES 进水中的氧化剂Oxidants in feedwater (i.e. Cl2, Ozone) 进水中的游离氯 0.01 ppm Free chlorine in feedwater 温度 Temperatures 0.5ppm时推荐第二进水点 Secondary
8、 feed points are recommended when iron levels 0.5 ppm in feed,PRIMARY,第一、第二进水点的位置Location of Primary and Secondary Feed Points,原始数据 比 正常化后的数据Raw Data vs. Normalized Data,趋向数据 Trending Data,解决RO系统故障Troubleshooting an RO System,检查预处理控制系统 Check pretreatment monitoring system检查仪表，校正 Check instrument cal
9、ibration for accuracy隔离RO问题部分 Isolate the location of problem RO elements寻找性能失误的可能原因Investigate possible causes of performance loss控制运行，保证问题解决 Monitor performance to assure problem is fixed,探视RO容器 Probing an RO Vessel,可采用的服务或工具Services & Tools Available,污染位置和影响 Fouling Location & Impact,使用运行变量 Using
10、 the Performance Variables,清洁RO系统的时间：Time to clean the RO system when:降低10-15%的正常化后渗透水的流速（运行的前200个小时后）10-15% decrease in normalized permeate flowrate (after first 200 hours of operation), or降低1-2%的抗盐率 1-2% decrease in percent salt rejection, or提高10-15%的压差 10-15% increase in differential pressure,正确的清洁维护 Proper Cleaning Maintenance,Cleaning-In-Place (CIP) Skid,最佳膜清洁作法Membrane Cleaning Best Practice,一步一步 Stage by Stage正确的化学品使用方案 Right Chemical Program充足的流速 Sufficient Flow Rate清洁时间 Cleaning Duration重开始运行时的问题 Problems when back to the service.,
