《嵌入式系统组织架构与设计》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《嵌入式系统组织架构与设计（181页珍藏版）》请在金锄头文库上搜索。
1、2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,1,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,2,課程大綱,第一章 嵌入式系統概述 第二章嵌入式系統作業環境與系統開發程 第三章嵌入式系統Xscale微架構之系統結構 第四章 Xscale指令系統 第五章 XscalePXA270應用處理器結構和使用方法 實作 PXA270結構與特性 時脈與電源管理 系統整合單元 LCD控制 UART控制 USB控制 GPIO控制,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,3,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計 第一章 嵌入式系統概述,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,4,第一章 課程大
2、綱,嵌入式系統概述 嵌入式系統特性 嵌入式系統體系架構 嵌入式系統之發展 嵌入式系統軟體 Linux作業系統 WinCE作業系統 嵌入式系統開發平臺 嵌入式系統硬體 Intel Xscale SOC系列 Intel Xscale實驗平台,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,5,前言,碩大便是美正好與IA( Information Appliance) 求小而美、小而省是背道而馳。 半導體電子發展趨勢是符合摩爾定律 資訊載具上之資訊軟體研發，具有量身訂做之特性，已從電腦中心設計(范紐曼結構)之時代轉向以消費者中心(3C)的設計。 多產業標準並存之網路架構以及互動性、相容性高之系統軟體變成
3、為研發廠商開發之首要目標： 節省人力成本 配合嵌入式系統多功能化 求新、求變,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,6,計算機科學(Computer Science),Computer Science 電腦科學是一門包含各種各樣與計算和資訊處理相關主題的系統學科，從抽象的演算法分析、形式化語法等等，到更具體的主題如程式設計語言、程式設計、軟體和硬體等。作為一門學科，它與數學、電腦程式設計、軟體工程和電腦工程有顯著的不同，卻通常被混淆，儘管這些學科之間存在不同程度的交叉和覆蓋。 中國算盤(abacus)，遠古就應用在計算上。,資訊理論資訊理論,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,7
4、,計算機科學(Computer Science),Computer science, or computing science It is the study of the theoretical foundations of information and computation and their implementation and application in computer systems. Computation: It is a general term for any type of information processing that can be represented
5、 mathematically. Computation is a process following a well-defined model that is understood and can be expressed in an algorithm, protocol, network topology, etc.,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,8,計算機科學(Computer Science),Information: Generally speaking, the concept of information is closely related to notions
6、 of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, and representation.Information is the writing of knowldge of any subject. Information is the state of a system of interest. Message is the information materialized.,The ASCII co
7、des for the word “Wikipedia“ represented in binary, the numeral system most commonly used for encoding computer information.,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,9,Information processing may more specifically be defined in terms by Claude E. Shannon as the conversion of latent information into manifest information
8、citation needed. Latent and manifest information is defined through the terms of equivocation (remaining uncertainty, what value the sender has actually chosen), dissipation (uncertainty of the sender what the receiver has actually received) and transformation (saved effort of questioning - equivoca
9、tion minus dissipation)citation needed. Practical Information Processing can be described as a cycle, where data (which may have no inherent meaning to the observer) is converted into information (which does have meaning to the observer). This conversion takes one of three forms: Computation utilize
10、s mathematics (specifically arithmetics) to create the information from data. Example: a cash register (either mechanical or digital) uses addition to convert the individual item prices (data) into the total amount owed to the store (information). Transduction is the conversion of one type of energy
11、 into another type. Example: A mechanical speaker converts an electric signal (data) into sound waves (information). Translation is the conversion of a string of symbols from one set into another. Example: a person fluent two languages could rewrite a document that is written in a language that the
12、observer does not understand (data) into a language that the observer does understand (information). Note that translation is the only Information processing form that can not yet be performed purely by a machine. It requires an organic brain (some electronic computer programs can translate but in r
13、eality they are using complex programs, which actually rely solely on computation to complete the process).,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,10,計算機科學(Computer Science),計算機科學研究的課題： 電腦程式能做什麼和不能做什麼（可計算性） 如何使程式更高效的執行特定任務（演算法和複雜性理論） 程式如何存取不同類型的資料（資料結構和資料庫） 程式如何顯得更具有智慧（人工智慧）； 人類如何與程式溝通（人機互動和人機界面）,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與
14、設計,11,計算機科學(Computer Science),電腦(計算機)科學的大部分研究是基於“杜林機”(Turing Machine)和“馮范紐曼電腦”(John von Neumann ) 的，它們是絕大多數實際機器的計算模型。 西元1937年，亞蘭杜林（Alan Turing）提出了Turing Machine的概念。 Turing Machine Turing machines are extremely basic abstract symbol-manipulating devices which, despite their simplicity, can be adapted
15、 to simulate the logic of any computer that could possibly be constructed. Though they were intended to be technically feasible, Turing machines were not meant to be a practical computing technology, but a thought experiment about the limits of mechanical computation; thus they were not actually con
16、structed. Studying their abstract properties yields many insights into computer science and complexity theory.,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,12,計算機科學(Computer Science),Turing Machine 艾倫杜林的“通用電腦器”(“universal computing machine”)是由他(1936-1937)為他的多用途單機器（電腦器）模型命名，這模型可以“運行”任何任意（但well-formed）指令序列（稱為 “quintuples“）。這模型被一些人例如Davis (2000) 認為是“存儲程式電腦”的原點。 每台圖靈機從它的字母表得到字串計算一確定的固定偏可計算函數。從外觀上它的行為就像一台使用固定程式的電腦。儘管如此，我們可以把任何杜林機的動作表格編碼到一條字串。,2019/1/6,嵌入式系統組織架構與設計,13,計算機科學(Computer Science),Von Neumann o
