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1、1,主 编 张永莉 张中强,上海财经大学出版社,国 际 商 务 英 语,2,Unit One INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS 1.1 What Is International Business? 1.2 The Scope of International Business Activities 1.3 Commercial Risk 1.4 Commercial Credit 1.5 International Business Management 1.6 A Brief Introduction to WTO,3,1.1 What Is International Bus
2、iness?,1.1.1 Basic Concepts on International Business The rationale for international business between nations centers on specialization, absolute advantage and comparative advantage.,4,1.1 What Is International Business?,1.1.2 Reasons for Recent International Business Growth Expansion of Technology
3、 Liberalization of Cross-Border Movements Other Reasons,5,1.2 The Scope of International Business Activities,1.2.1 Trade in Goods and Trade in Services International business activities concern about the trade operations of both import and export, which includes the purchase and the sale of both vis
4、ible and invisible goods. Purchase and sale of visible goods is called trade in goods, while purchase and sale of invisible goods is called trade in services.,6,1.2 The Scope of International Business Activities,1.2.2 International Investment International investment has a crucial impact on a nation
5、s balance of payments. When foreign direct investment (FDI) is made, capital enters a country, enabling it to import manufactured materials to build a new manufacturing plant and to pay workers. FDI flows to developing countries have been heavily concentrated in two sectors.,7,1.2 The Scope of Inter
6、national Business Activities,1.2.3 Cultural Conflicts in International Business Cultural Conflict in Negotiation Cultural Conflict in Marketing Cultural Conflict in Business Administration Cultural Conflicts in Business Public Relations,8,1.3 Commercial Risk,The special risk elements confronted in i
7、nternational business activity include financial, political, regulatory and tax risks. The financial risk elements involve balance-of-payments considerations, varying exchange rates, differential inflation trends among countries and divergent interest rates.,9,1.4 Commercial Credit,1.4.1 What Is Com
8、mercial Credit? Commercial credit is sometimes referred to as business credit or commercial lending, which is a measure of an organizations ability to obtain goods or services based on a promise to pay for them later. Its main forms include purchased merchandise on account, advances on sales and com
9、mercial bill.,10,1.4 Commercial Credit,1.4.2 The Reason of Using Commercial Credit With the emergence of the commercial credit, the enterprises can offer each other credit, while solving the problem of inconsistencies during the process.,11,1.4 Commercial Credit,1.4.3 The Main Bodies of Commercial C
10、redit The main bodies of commercial credit are business enterprises. Unlike items and services obtained using personal credit, those acquired with business credit are meant to be used for commercial reasons only. In some cases, the owner or owners of a business are held personally liable for the deb
11、ts of the business.,12,1.4 Commercial Credit,1.4.4 The Protection of Commercial Credit Protecting the commercial credit is one of the most important tasks that modern companies face. The judicious use of commercial credit ensures that a corporation has resources to call upon when a temporary downtur
12、n in sales takes place, or when an opportunity to expand operations in order to take advantage of market changes takes place.,13,1.5 International Business Management,1.5.1 Introduction The main concerns are environment, process and regularity of the international business activities. People who are
13、 occupied in international business management must have some abilities.,14,1.5 International Business Management,1.5.2 Importance of International Business Management China will be more heavily involved in world economic and trade activities. On one hand, more and more famous enterprises are situat
14、ed in China in forms of foreign investment, joint venture, corporation and so on. On the other hand, Chinese enterprises are moving towards the internationalization.,15,1.6 A Brief Introduction to WTO,1.6.1 What is WTO? The World Trade Organization (WTO) is the umbrella organization responsible for
15、overseeing the implementation of all the multilateral agreements that have been negotiated in the Uruguay Round and those that will be negotiated in the future.,16,1.6 A Brief Introduction to WTO,1.6.1 What is WTO? The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the rules of trade between nations at a
16、 global or near-global level. There are a number of ways of looking at the WTO. Negotiation forum A place to operate a system of trade rules A place to help settle trade disputes,17,1.6 A Brief Introduction to WTO,1.6.2 Principles of the Trading System Trade without Discrimination Most-favored-nation (MFN) National treatment Transparency Predictable and growing access to markets Free trade Predictability,18,1.6 A Brief Introduction to WTO,1.6.3 Major Functions Promoting Fair Competi
