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1、动词的语态【要点提示】概念：语态是动词的一种形式，用以表示主语和谓语之间的关系。种类：英语动词的语态有主动和被动两种：主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。考查热点：中考对被动语态的考查主要集中在被动语态的构成及用法上。其构成为“助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词”，通过变化助动词be体现时态。初中阶段需要掌握的被动语态如下：一般现在时am / is / are + 过去分词一般过去时was / were + 过去分词一般将来时will / shall be + 过去分词情态动词情态动词 + be + 过去分词现在完成时have / has been + 过去分词【拓
2、展】1 双宾语的被动语态。含双宾语的句子由主动语态变被动语态时，可把指人的间接宾语用作被动语态的主语，也可把指物的直接宾语用作主语，但此时须在间接宾语前加上介词to或for。常用to的动词有give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, hand等；常用for的动词有borrow, make, buy等。2 复合宾语的被动语态。若主动语态句子为“主语 谓语 宾语 宾补”这种含复合宾语的结构，变被动语态时只能“宾作主”，而宾补不变。其中，make / hear (watch, see .) sb. do sth. 结构变为被动语态时为“sb. + be的适当形式 + ma
3、de / heard (watched, seen .) to do sth.”。3 短语动词的被动语态。有些短语动词相当于及物动词，其后可接宾语，因此它们也有被动语态。但短语动词是个不可分割的整体，变为被动语态时不可丢掉其后的介词或副词。 根据近几年对语态考查的分析，编了这样几句口诀：时态一，语态二，宾变主，主变宾，by短语，后面跟。谓语动词变被动，be后添“过分”。【专项练习】. 请从各题后所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳答案。( )1. Did you go to Sams weekend party?No, I _.A. am not invitedB. wasnt invite
4、dC. havent invitedD. didnt invite( )2. The letter _in Japanese. I cant read it.A. is writing B. is writtenC. wroteD. writes( )3. Susan, why are you still here? They are all ready to start.Im sorry, but I _when to meet.A. am not toldB. didnt tellC. havent toldD. wasnt told( )4. Today computers _in bo
5、th cities and towns.A. were usingB. are usedC. were used D. are using( )5. A new supermarket _in my home town next month.A. will built B. will be builtC. is built D. builds( )6. Alice, you _on the phone.Im coming. Thanks.A. want B. are wantedC. were wanted D. have wanted( )7. Personal computers _ in
6、 1976. They have changed the whole world.A. have been invented B. are inventedC. were inventedD. will be invented( )8. Your skirt is nice and looks different from other girls.Thanks. My mother _ it last month. A. was made B. has madeC. has been made D. made( )9. I know she wont come to join us unles
7、s she _ to.A. tells B. will be toldC. is told D. was told( )10. James is my friend. He _ Jim for short.A. calls B. is calledC. calledD. is calling( )11. English _ in Canada, Australia and New Zealand as well as America and Britain.A. speaks B. is speakingC. is spokenD. spoke( )12. The window _ten mi
8、nutes ago, and the room is bright now. A. cleaned B. is cleanedC. was cleanedD. will clean( )13. Today I cant go to work. My sick mother should _. A. be taken good careB. be taken good care ofC. take good careD. take good care of( )14. I _ your recorder. It works now.Thank you very much. A. have bee
9、n repairedB. will repairC. have repairedD. was repaired( )15. Well have three days off if the work _ today. A. finishes B. can finishC. was finished D. can be finished( )16. How often_ your school sports meeting _?Once a year.A. were, held B. are, heldC. was, held D. is, held( )17. The watch I lost
10、yesterday_ in my drawer.A. has found B. foundC. has been found D. had been found( )18. More trees must_ in North China every year to stop the wind.A. be planted B. plantC. planted D. are planted( )19. Traditional Beijing opera_ to the music courses in middle school in the future.A. will add B. will
11、be addedC. adds D. was added( )20. In our school, the books from the library within two weeks.A. return B. must returnC. will return D. must be returned( )21. This picture_ to a museum in New York in 2008. Yes, it cost a lot.A. has been sold B. will be soldC. is sold D. was sold( )22. The children _
12、not to smoke.A. are told B. toldC. tell D. are telling( )23. A lot of tall buildings _ near our house so far.A. have been built B. are built C. have built D. were built( )24. Jim doesnt have to be made_. He always works hard.A. learnB. to learnC. learned D. learning( )25. What was the result of the
13、football match?Bad luck. Our team_.A. beat B. wonC. was beaten D. has won. 请将主动语与被动语态互换，每空一词。1. Chinese is spoken by more and more foreigners now._ _ _ _ _ _now.2. The twins ate up all the bananas on the plate.All the bananas on the plate_ _ up by the twins.3. We must finish the work in two hours. The work _ _ _ in two hours. 4. Thousands of houses in that area were destroyedby the earthquake._ _ _ _ _ _in that area.5
