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1、本文档来源于第一文库网：https:/ 律 硕 士 专 业 学 位 论 文 合同约定解除权的行使 The exercise of the contract rescission 作 者 姓 名: 亓振 指 导 教 师: 杨佳红 副教授 西 南 政 法 大 学 Southwest University of Political Science and Law 1内容摘要 近年来，我国经济实现较快发展，合同法则在经济发展中发挥了越来越重要的作用。 伴随着经济的较快发展，市场交易也日益活跃，社会形势也是瞬息万变。合同生效后， 可能因客观情况改变或一方行为，使一方或双方合同目的难以实现，这时一方或双方
2、就 有意愿使合同失去效力，更好规避风险或制裁相对方。这也恰是我国合同法规定约 定解除权的原因。但是，当我们对合同法关于约定解除权行使的有关规定进行深入 思考时，却发现存在着一定的问题。因此，笔者希望通过合同约定解除权纠纷案件的分 析，对合同约定解除权的行使问题进行较为深入的探讨，希望可以在这一问题上为司法 实践的顺利开展提供一定的参考价值。 本文结构如下: 第一部分:案情简介。杨永强逾期支付土地使用费超过 60 天，根据约定解除权条 款，东莞豪发公司向一审法院起诉请求解除双方的土地租赁合同。一审法院认为东莞豪 发公司可以行使约定解除权，其解除土地租赁合同合法，并判令解除合同，杨永强返还 土地。
3、杨永强向东莞市中级人民法院提起上诉，二审法院则认为东莞豪发公司不可以行 使约定解除权。本案主要争议焦点则是东莞豪发公司解除土地租赁合同是否合法，也就 是东莞豪发公司是否可以行使约定解除权。 第二部分:合同约定解除权的法律分析。其一，合同约定解除权的含义及性质。约 定解除权指双方在合同中约定，当解除合同的条件成就时，由一方或双方所享有解除合 同，使合同关系消灭的权利。合同约定解除权在性质上是形成权。其二，合同约定解除 权的产生。合同生效后，约定解除权产生。约定解除合同的条件应是清晰明确、指向将 来的事实，并且不得违反法律强制性规定、社会公共利益、公序良俗。其三，合同约定 解除权的行使。约定条件成
4、就时，解除权人可以行使权利。在认定约定解除合同的条件 是否成就时，法院应从合同整体上予以把握。当事人若不正当的阻止或促成条件的成就， 那么应依据合同法45 条的规定给予否定性的评价。行使主体由双方约定;行使方式 包括行为解除和司法解除;行使期限则是有约定按照约定，没有约定若对方进行了催告， 2则是按照催告后的合理期间确定，但是如果没有约定也没有催告的，则应该类推适用最 高院关于审理商品房买卖合同纠纷案件适用法律若干问题的解释15 条的规定，解除 权自发生之日起一年内行使，否则消灭;行使后果，根据我国合同法的规定，未履 行终止履行，已履行根据履行情况和合同性质定。合同双方可以约定解除合同的后果。
5、 第三部分:本案评析。一审法院尽管对于约定解除权的行使方式、行使期限、行使 后果的把握比较准确，但是却仍然不能避免错误的判决，只是因为没有把握好整个问题 的关键点，也就是约定解除合同的条件是否成就，而二审法院则很好的抓住了这一点。 二审法院的判决也给了我们很好的启示，那就是在处理合同约定解除权纠纷案件时，应 牢牢把握住条件是否成就，这时法院应从合同整体予以把握，并考虑两个因素:首先， 当事人如果为自身利益不正当阻止或促成条件的成就，这时应给与否定性评价;其次， 对方是否享有抗辩权，因为抗辩权不仅使其可以拒绝履行债务，还使其不会陷于履行迟 延。 关键词: 约定解除权;行使方式;行使期限;行使后果
6、 3Abstract In recent years, the rapid development of economy in our country, the contract law in economic development has played a more and more important role. At the same time, along with the rapid development of economy, the market is increasingly active and the situation is fast changing society
7、. After contract become effective, it may be because of the change of objective conditions or one party behavior, which makes one or both parties cannot achieve the purpose of the contract. one party or the parties are willing to make the contract lose effectiveness, so as to better avoid risks or p
8、unish the other.This is also the purpose of our contract law provisions of contract rescission. But when we take on the contract law on the relevant provisions of the contract termination right in-depth thinking, we can find that there exists a certain problem. Therefore, I hope that through the ana
9、lysis of the contract termination right dispute case, exercise of contract rescission in-depth discussion, and hope you can take on this issue to the smooth development of the judicial practice and provide certain reference value This paper structure is as follows: The first part: Introduction of th
10、e case. Because Dr Yeoh overdue pay the land use fee, under the terms of the contract rescission, Dongguanhaofa company request to the first-instance court to cancel the contract.The first-instance court think that Dongguan haofa company can exercise contract rescission and remove the land lease con
11、tract legally.It orders to cancel contract and return the land .Dr Yeoh appeal to the second instance court ,the second instance court think that Dongguan haofa company does not exercise the contract rescission and remove the land lease contract ilegally. The main focus issue in this case is that wh
12、ether or not the company remove the land lease contract legally and the company exercises the contract rescission. The second part: The contract rescission of the legal analysis. The legal issues of the case is the following. First, the meaning and the nature of contract termination right and. Contr
13、act termination right refers to the parties in the contract, when the achievements of the conditions of the contract achieves, they can cancel the contract so as to end the right of contract relations.The contract rescission is formed in nature .Second, the produce of the contract rescission.When th
14、e contract has become effective ,the right produces . Agreed to cancel the 1contract conditions should be clear and point to the fact that in the future, and shall not violate the law mandatory provisions, social public interests,public order and good custom . Third, the contract right of the exerci
15、se.When the condition of canceling the contract has achieved,the termination right person can exercise it. Court decides whether the conditions of canceling the contract has achieved,it should grasp the contract as a whole.If the parties take unfair measures to block or contribute the conditions of
16、achievement,court should base on the provisions of contract law article 45 to give negative evaluation. Who can exercise the right should be agreed upon by both parties, exercise behavior include lifting and judicial lifted, the period of exercising are prescribed in accordance with the contract, if without the ag
