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1、第十章 非谓语动词（三）分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。现在分词的构成为：原形动词+ing；过去分词的构成为：原形动词+ed。1现在分词与过去分词的比较(1)它们所表示的语态不同现在分词具有主动和进行的含义，经常用于表示事物；而过去分词含有被动的意思，经常用于说明人的情况。例如：an exciting film 一部激动人心的电影。the excited people 激动的人们a shocking news 一个令人震惊的消息a shocked woman 一个感到震惊 的女人(2)它们所表示的时间不同现在分词表示正在进行的动作、行为；而过去分词是说明已经完成了的动作或行为。a fa
2、lling leaf 一片正在飘落的树叶a fallen leaf 一片落地的树叶developing countries 发展中国家developed countries 发达国家(3)它们所表示的语义不同多数现在分词的汉语可译为“使人怎样”或“ 令人如何” ；用来说明事或物的性质；而过去分词的含义为“某人感到怎样”，说明人的感觉。The story is interesting.这个故事真有意思。The boy is interested in physics.这孩子对物理感兴趣。What he said was inspiring.他的话令人鼓舞。We were inspired by
3、what he said.我们对他所说的话感到鼓舞。必背：记住下列同样用法的分词：moving 令人感动的moved 受到感动的tiring 令人厌烦的tired 感到厌烦的amusing 令人愉快的amused 感到有趣 的surprising 令人惊异的surprised 感到惊异的boring 使人厌烦的bored 感到厌烦的astonishing 令人惊讶的astonished 感到惊讶的discouraging 令人沮丧的discouraged 感到沮丧的disappointing 令人失望的disappointed 感到失望的exciting 令人激动的excited 感到激动的f
4、rightening 令人害怕的frightened 感到害怕 的inspiring 令人鼓舞的inspired 感到鼓舞的amazing 令人惊讶的amazed 感到惊讶的(4)它们所用的修饰语不同现在分词之前常用表示程度的修饰语 very，而过去分词之前常用修饰语 much。The football game is very exciting.这场球赛令人非常激动。We were much excited at the game.我们对这场球赛感到非常激动。The film is very boring.这个电影令人厌烦。We were much bored at the film.我们对
5、这场电影感到烦透了。2过去分词在句子中的作用(1)作定语Take away the broken vase.把那只被打碎花瓶拿走。The vase broken by him yesterday is still on the table.他昨天打碎的花瓶还在桌子上放着。 (后置定语)(2)作表语The girl seemed quite satisfied with her job.这姑娘看上去对她的工作很满意。She is interested in drawing.她对绘画感兴趣。(3)作状语She stood there much disappointed.她非常失望地站在那里。Hun
6、gry and cold, he tried to find a village in the mountain there .又冷又饿，他竭力想在那山里找到个村子。(4)作宾语补足语The teacher raised her voice to make herself heard.老师提高了嗓音，以便使大家听清她的话。Youd better get the article written before Friday.你最好在周五前让人把这篇文章写出来。注意：have 和 get 都可以要求过去分词作宾语补足语，形成 have/get sth.done 表示动作由别人完成。I will ha
7、ve my hair cut this afternoon.下午我要去理发。Shes got her car fixed yesterd ay.昨天她请人修了她的车。可以带分词作宾语补足语的动词还有：fell, hear, see, watch, notice, find, smell, keep, like, make 等。3现在分词在句子中的作用(1)作表语The game is exciting.这场比赛激动人心。The meeting was boring.这次会议非常沉闷。It is very interesting to watch his performances.观看他的表演非
8、常有意思。巧选分词形式要断分词形，先把逻主觅；分词作主语，逻主被修饰；状表和主补，逻主是主语；要是作宾补，逻主为宾语，找准逻主后，再辩其关系；若为主谓间，需用现在分；要是动宾间，则用过去分。(2)作定语The sleeping baby is Susans.那个睡着的孩子是苏姗的。The car parking under the tree is mine.那辆停在树底下的车是我的。(后置定语)She said something to the man fixing her car.她跟正在修她的车的人说了些什么。(后置定语)(3)作状语分词动作与谓语动作同时发生：She drove away
9、 crying.她哭着把车开走了。He came back to his office, hoping to find the material needed for the case.他回到办公室，希望能找到案子所需的材料。Not knowing that the traffic accident happened to her husband, she was waiting for him to have supper.因为不知道她的丈夫发生了交通事故，她还在等他吃晚饭。分词动作与谓语动作先后发生现在分词的完成式表示分词动作在谓语动作之前发生。Having found out why,
10、he began to repair the machine.由于找到了原因，他开始修理这台机器。Not having finished the homework, he had to stay up late at night .由于没有写完作业，他不得不熬夜。用现在分词的被动式表示“正在被”或者“已经被”This is the second bridge being built across the river.这是正在建的横跨这条河的第二座桥。(作定语)Having been invited, he went to Germany to attend the conference .受到
11、邀请，他去德国出席了这次会议。 (作状语)注意：现在分词短语具有替代从句的作用。替代定语从句的作用Students wishing to go hiking should sign their names here.（=Students who wish to go hiking should sign their names here.）星期六要去野游的同学在这里签名。The free way being built will lead to Xingang port.（=The free way that (which) is being built will lead to Xingan
12、g port.）正在修建的这条高速公路将直通新港码头。替代状语从句的作用Fearing that her boyfriend would recognize her, she stood behind a phone box.（=Because she feared that her boyfriend would recognize her, she stood behind a phone box.）由于害怕她的男朋友会认出她来，她站在了一电话亭后面。Knowing that he couldnt solve the problem in this way, he changed his
13、mind.(Because he knew that he couldnt solve the problem in this way, he changed his mind.)因为知道用这种方法解决不了这个问题，他改变了想法。分词 的独立主格结构分词或者分词短语作状语使用时，其逻辑主语一定要和句子的主语一致。如果不一致，必须 在分词之前加上它的逻辑主语，这就是独立主格结构。After a little while, her eyes being full of tears, the mother came over and embraced him.过了一会儿，这位母亲眼含热泪，走过来抱住
14、了他。Again, blood being all over, the policeman stood up and kept running after the thief.那位警察混身是血，再一次站起来追那盗贼。4经常使用现在分词的句型be busy+doing sth. 忙着做Mother is busy cooking a meal now.妈妈现在正忙着做饭。Susan was busy answering the telephone then.苏姗那时正忙着接电话。spend(waste) time(money)+doing sth. 花费She spent two hours p
15、reparing her lessons.她花了两个小时准备功课。She wasted a whole morning cleaning the room.她费了整整一个上午打扫这间屋子。He didnt spend much money travelling in Beijing.他在北京旅行没花多少钱。He wasted two hours driving to the new office.他用了两个小时的时间驾车来到新办公室。catch (find) sb.+doing sth. 抓住、发现某人在做某事The policeman caught the thief stealing a
16、wallet from a man.(=The policeman found the thief when he was stealing a wal let from a man.)那个警察发现那个小偷正在偷一个人的钱包。I found myself lying on the ground.(=I found that I was lying on the ground.)我发现我自己躺在了地上。have sb.+doing sth. 让(请) 某人做某事I will have a mechanic repairing my car tomorrow morning.明天早晨我要让修理工修一下我的车。Do you have anybody sending your daughter home?你请人把你女儿送回家了吗?keep sb.+doing sth 让某人持续做某事You kept me waiting for an h
