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1、College Entrance Examination English Reading Comprehension,高考英语阅读理解主旨大意题,英语考纲-阅读,要求考生能读懂书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文段以及公告、说明、广告等，并能从中获取相关信息。 考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中具体信息； （3）根据上下文推断单词和短语的含义； （4）做出判断和推理； （5）理解文章的基本结构； （6）理解作者的意图、观点和态度。,阅读题型,细节理解,猜测词义,推理判断,主旨大意,观点态度,篇章结构,解题技巧,细节理解,词义猜测,推理判断,主旨大意,观点态度,篇章结构,主旨大意题
2、,加工与浓缩信息的能力,考察要点：,这类试题主要考查学生把握全文主题和理解中心思想的能力，也包括分析归纳文章的段落大意、重要情节、人物特征、环境特点的能力。这种试题要求考生能把握文章的总体，并真正理解主题和中心句；要求能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维的方法，难度较大，属于高层次题。,主题句（topic sentence）及主旨大意(main idea)的概括 : 一篇文章或一个段落一般表达一个中心内容或主题。主题句必须能简洁明了地概括全文或全段的主要内容，具有高度的综合性和概括性。文章或段落的其他句子都是对主题句的进一步解释,说明,论证或扩展.,主旨大意题,标题,文章主旨,段落主旨
3、,Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.,1 Experiments show that cigarette smoking can cause cancer. Besides the most serious and terrible disease(illness), cancer, cigarette smoking also can cause other health problems. For example, it can give one a “smokers cough”. Finally, studies have sho
4、wn it is easy for cigarette smokers to catch colds. Whether you get an unimportant cold or terrible killer, cancer, smoking is harmful. Is it worth it?,Smoking cigarettes is harmful to your health.,Example,to try to judge a person only by his appearance,So, it is foolish,2 Often no one looks more gu
5、ilty than the innocent. On the other hand, nobody may look more innocent than a professional criminal. And the man who knows “everything” may really only be trying tohide his own weakness.,So, it is foolish,to try to judge a person only by his appearance,Example,called “bait and switch,This sales me
6、thod is”.,3 If you were planning to buy a television set, the following advertisement would certainly draw your attention: “Color TV. Only 79. Two days sale. Hu- -rry.” However, when you go to the store ready to buy. You may discover that they are sold out. But the shop assistant is quick to tell yo
7、u that he has another model. A much better set which is “just right for you” It costs 395. ”. Buyers are baited with a sales advertisement, and then they are switched to another more expensive one. Buying things on sale needs careful consideration of the goods and the reason for the sale.,例题,called
8、“bait and switch,Example,This sales method is”.,4 Tom studied four years at the University of Paris and decided to leave before his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal bac
9、kground. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.,Example,Tom received a excellent education,Whats the main point the writer is trying to make in the paragraph 2/ ? What does the third/ paragraph discuss? What is mainly discussed in paragraph ? Paragraph 5/ mainly talks about _,段落主旨,Q
10、uestion Forms,主题句的呈现,段首,提出主题, 随之用细节来解释, 支撑或发展主题句所表达的主题思想. 最常见的演绎法写作方式。,段尾,通常前面只提出问题， 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出, 而后又作进一步的解释, 支撑或发展。,无主题句,即主题句隐含在全段中, 没有明确的主题句. 必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。,在表述细节后, 归纳要点, 印象, 结论建议或结果, 以概括主题. 这是英语中最常见的归纳法写作方式。,段中,details,Paragrap
11、h ideas,Passage idea,1) What is the topic sentence of the passage? 2) This article/text/passage mainly tells that _. 3) Which of the following gives a general idea of the passage? 4) Which of the following is the main idea of the passage? 5. What is the subject discussed in the text? 6. With what to
12、pic is the passage chiefly concerned?,文章主旨大意,Question Forms,1.新闻报道 News report,The lead,The body,Explanation of 5W, 1H,More details of 5W,1H,Background and relevant events,BBC, VOA CNN, AP, China Daily, Reuters, AFP(Agence France Presse) Pay attention to the time and the place before the passage,注意,
13、called 3D Touch,include a new rose gold option and a new screen technology,The new iPhones, called the 6s and 6s Plus,San Francisco- , . The iPhone 6S and 6S Plus come in four finishes - silver, gold, space grey and rose gold - and come in two sizes that match last years handsets measurements. The p
14、hone also has a new, much faster chip Apples Phil Schiller says is the fastest ever in a phone. It will cost the same as the iPhone 6 and 6Plus, from $199, and go on sale on September 25th. .,include a new rose gold option and a new screen technology,Example,The new iPhones, called the 6s and 6s Plu
15、s,called 3D Touch.,2说明文的基本结构,Descriptive writing,Definition (Introduction),Description (Explanation),Conclusion,reasons why you should plan a trip here in the coming months.,some of the best,Cool temperatures, golden colors of autumn and dramatic events are just three reasons to visit Oregons Washin
16、gton County this fall. The season brings a large number of places to see and things to do. Weve collected Its a Harvest Season Autumn marks the height of the agricultural season,. The Colors Are Changing On a cool, autumn day, the rural, agricultural and forested scenery of Oregons Washington County comes alive with bright red, orange a
