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1、Unit 10,Grammar Focus,Read the following sentences.,How long have you had that bike over there? Ive had it for three years. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? Hes owned it since his famous birthday. Have you ever played football? Yes, I did when I was little, but I havent played f
2、or a while now.,现在完成时表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始、一直持续到现在，多与“since +点时间”或“for +段时间”连用。for表示“经过(一段时间)”，而since表示“自从(以来)”。 常见结构如下：,Summary,现在完成时- since 和 for 的用法,He has lived here for 16 years. 他住在这里有十六年了。 He has lived here since 16 years ago. 他从十六年前起就住在这里了。,He has lived here since 1991. 他从1991年起就住在这里了。 He has liv
3、ed here since he was born. 他从出生起就住在这里。,在对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时，我们常用how long,How long have you played basketball? How long have you been collecting shells? - How long has Mary been a teacher? - Since two years ago.,介词 for 短语表示一个时间段，指某个动作或情况到现在为止已持续了多久；since 作为介词，接一个时间名词；作为连词，引导一个时间状语从句(从句动词一般是短暂性动词)。since
4、表示“自以来”，指某个动作或情况从过去某一点时间一直持续到现在，因此，与 for 或 since 引出的时间状语连用的句子(或主语)谓语动词必须是延续性的。,英语中有些动词的意义不能延续，表示的是一瞬间就结束的动作，这些动词被称为非延续性动词或短暂性动词，常见的如 come, leave, go, lose, see, begin, start, arrive, become, die, buy, borrow, close, join, reach, fall, get up 等。这类动词可以用于完成时态，但在肯定句中不能与表示动作延续的时间状语 for 或 since 短语连用。如： 正:
5、 He has come back. 他已回来。 误: He has come back for three days.,若要表示“他回来已三天了”这样的意思，可以将动词改为延续性动词，或改变时间状语，或改用别的句型等，如译为： He has been back for three days. (改变谓语动词) He has been back since three days ago. (改变谓语动词) He came back three days ago. (改变时间状语及动词时态) Its three days since he came back. (改变句型),come, go,
6、begin, start, become, join, end, die, buy, arrive, reach, borrow, lend, get to know等这些短暂性动词如果要谈论一个动作发生在过去某个时间点，我们可以使用ago或一般过去时。如：,Kitty has left Beijing for two days. Kitty left Beijing two days ago. Kitty has been away from Beijing for two days. Kitty has bought her purse since last year. Kitty bou
7、ght her purse a year ago. Kitty has had her purse for a year.,在表示持续一段时间的句子中，应将短暂性动词转化为相同意义的延续性动词或状态动词。 初中英语中常见的有：,短暂性动词,延续性动词,go, leave, move arrive, come, reach join, become buy, get (得到),be away (off), be out of be here , be in +某地 be in, be a (an) + n. have,fall ill (asleep) finish, end begin , s
8、tart begin to learn (work, read, rain) go out get up borrow get to know die lose,be ill (asleep) be over be on learn, work , read, rain be out be up keep know be dead be lost,短暂性动词,延续性动词,非延续性动词用于完成时态，在肯定句中不能与for 或 since引出的短语(或句子)连用，但在否定句中是可以的，因为一个非延续性动词一旦被否定即成为状态，而状态总是可以延续的。如： I havent seen him for
9、a long time. 我很久没见到他了。 He hasnt come here for some time. 他有段时间没来了。 I havent heard from her since she left. 自她离开以后，我一直没收到她的来信。,4a,Rewrite the sentences using for or since.,1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three days ago. 2. They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago. 3. I have a came
10、ra. I bought it in 2009.,Jim has been in Japan for three days.,They have not eaten for ten hours.,I have had a camera since 2009.,4. I know Ann. I first met her three years ago. 5. Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.,I have known Anna for three years.,Linda has been ill since Monday.,4b,Fill in
11、the blanks with the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.,1. I _ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _(go) next month before the weather gets too cold. 2. They _ (never own) any pets, but they _ (always want) to have a dog.,have never been,go,have never owned,have always wanted,3. We _
12、(have) a piano since last November. We _ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year. 4. Cathy and Amy _ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.,have had,have not been/havent been,bought,miss,5. This
13、 museum _ (be) here for over 20 years. It _ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.,has been,is,4c,Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.,Do you have a(n) _? How long have you had it? 2. Do you own a(n) _? How long have you owned it?,He _ his hometown for t
14、wenty years. He really misses it! A. has been away from B. left C. has left D. is away from,典型例题,【解析】A 考查动词的时态。从“for+一段时间”时间状语可知用现在完成时，因此，只能选择A或C选项；而leave是瞬间性动词，不能持续一段时间，所以要将leave变成be away from，故选A答案。,( ) I _ Mr. Smith since he moved to Shanghai. A. didnt hear from B. dont hear from C. wont hear fro
15、m D. havent heard from,D,( ) Not only Jam but also his parents _ a few interesting places since they came to China. A. will visit B. has visited C. have visited D. visited,C,( )Excuse me, where is Mr. Browns office? Sorry, I dont know. I _ here for only a few days. A. work B. worked C. have worked D. will work,C,( ) My grandmother _ a lot of changes in Tianjin since she came here. Asees B. can see C. will see D. has seen,D,( ) I _ many new friends since I came here. A. make B. made C. will make D. have made,D,( ) My
